Anatomy of Human Essay

1. Review the anatomy of the brain. Which portion is responsible for keeping you awake, controlling thought, speech, emotions and behavior, maintaining balance and posture? 2. Know the function of the arachnoid villi. 3. Where is the primary defect in Parkinsons disease and Huntingtons? 4. What is the function of the CSF? Where is it produced? Where is it absorbed? 5. Review blood flow to the brain. 6. What is the gate control theory of pain? 7. Know the type of nerve fibers that transmit pain impulses. 8. Where in the CNS does pain perception occur? 9. Know different clinical descriptions of pain; pain threshold/tolerance 10. Know endogenous opioids. 11. What are the two types of fibers that transmit the nerve action potentials generated by excitation of any of the nociceptors. 12. What is the relationship between epinephrine and body temperature? 13. Know mechanisms of heat production and heat loss. 14. Know heat exhaustion and heat stroke? 15. Define the different stages of sleep. 16. Discuss disorders of the conjunctivia of the eye. 17. Which part of the eye controls movement of the eye? 18. What part of the brain must be functioning for cognitive operations? 19. Discuss the types of mid-brain dysfunction and its physical symptoms. 20. Know the best prognostic indicator of recovery of consciousness and functional outcome after a brain event. 21. Know vomiting with which CNS injuries. 22. Define seizure and status epilepticus. What is the medical significance? Know benign febrile seizures. 23. Know the characteristics of closed head injury. 24. Define dyskinesia. Types? Characteristics? 25. Know the stages of intracranial hypertension. 26. Know normal intracranial pressure. How does body compensate for increased  ICP? 27. Know the most critical index of nervous system dysfunction/function. 28. What is responsible for the tremors associated with Parkinsons Disease? 29. Define concussion. Know the different grades of concussion. 30. Know coupe and countercoup brain injuries and how they happen. 31. Know most common primary CNS tumor. 32. What happens to a patient after an acute spinal cord injury? Why is it life threatening? Describe the clinical manifestations. Why would their temperature fluctuate? 33. Know diagnostic criteria for vegetative state and brain death. 34. Define and discuss the different types of stroke, which affected artery causes what data processing deficits (agnosia, dysphasia, etc). 35. Know all types of cerebral edema and what causes each type. 36. Know characteristics of AV malformation. 37. Define and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Multiple Sclerosis. 38. Define and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Guillian Barre Syndrome. 39. Define and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Mysthenia Gravis 40. Define and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Parkinsons disease. 41. Define and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Huntington disease. 42. Prenatal and perinatal factors may result in what psychiatric condition? 43. What is schizophrenia? What part of the brain is associated with the S/S of this disorder? 44. Define depression and its types; know etiology. 45. How Does ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) treat depression? 46. Define generalized anxiety disorder. What is the underlying defect? Know characteristics. 47. Define panic disorder. What are the complications? 48. Define encephalocele, meningocele, spina bifida, myelomeningocele. Where is the defect located in each? 49. Know when the neural groove closes during embryonic development. 50. Know pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of cerebral palsy. 51. Know pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of PKU. 52. What nerves are capable of  regeneration?

The Haunted House

MiKayla Jones Mrs. Ceballos PAP English 1 – 8 October 30, 2012 The Haunted House This was going to be my best Halloween ever. As I sat in class waiting anxiously for the bell to ring, I began wondering how much fun this is going to be. When Kaitlyn and I arrived at my house we sat around chatting waiting for it to get dark, before we started to trick or treat. As we were putting on our costumes, Kaitlyn had a difficult time putting her alien costume from outer space on because the directions were illegible.After I was put on my zombie cheerleader costume I noticed it looked a little sully. I didn’t mine because it was Halloween and things are sometimes not very comely. As we heard out the front door my mom jeered loudly and said, â€Å"be careful and stay in the neighborhood and don’t make any erratic turns†. I knew we had made a wrong turn when we went trick or treating at this old, run down dissolute house. When we knocked on the door it automatically op ened, a heavy wind came out and caused the pumpkins to sing and locked us in.All of a sudden I slipped on some fudder and something being to tantalizing me, I screamed and held on to Kaitlyn’s hand unflinching, I tried with all my might to fortify myself against the two headed monster, I screeched as loud as a mongoose. The more we fought the more the monsters proliferated. Some were mediocre, the monsters tried to tell us to subjugate but we kept on screaming and fighting until we freed ourselves for a moment.As we tried to expulsion from the back door a three legged lucretia ghost told us how to get out safely, we thanked the three legged ghost by giving him all of our trick or treat candy to compensate him for being so nice and helping us to escape. I feint that he was as friendly as Casper. Finally, we made it back to my house, I gave a short terse wave to Kailtlyn and she adjourns to her house. This would be one Halloween that I will never forget.

Bebop And Free Jazz And Fusion Music Essay

Bebop And Free Jazz And Fusion Music Essay To begin with, there are numerous variations between your types of awesome, hard-bop, bebop, free-jazz, and blend. While awesome may be the many soothing and comforting bebop appears to be probably the most elaborate using its inconsistent tempos. While free-jazz may be the less limited about the hand, hard-bop may be the many brassy trumpets, and flow part. Free-jazz displays no recently established guidelines, and no limitations, no type. Blend is just a mixture between stone and punk, quite simply, blend displays results, severe digital use, and synthesizers, to punk things in addition. Bebop changed jazz to innovative art-music from trendy party music. Within the 1940s, bebop appeared to have appeared a sudden all, however it had really been creating for quite some time. While an alto saxophonist, Art Pepper heard a bop saving, it totally overwhelmed him. The bebop piece's records swung, and are fast, technical elaborative. The faculties of bebop contain inconsistent tempos, arbitrary tunes, in addition to reharmonization replacement. Bebop set more focus on solos that are substantial. A saving by Dizzy Gillespie and His Band, Manteca, includes a several traits of bebop. Nevertheless, Manteca's tempos are exceptionally slow or slow. Within this saving, Gillespie produced the Afro Cuban design a percussionist of the conga, alongside Chano Pozo. Manteca includes yell and phenomenal trumpet solos - delicate although like words of the term "Manteca". The "Manteca" yelling in a variety of arbitrary areas of the saving is very humorous. Within the launch, numerous devices start its playing together, like metal, bongos and the bass. Particularly, the sound high-pitched and very interesting. Dizzy Gillespie's trumpet solos are extremely wonderful. Obviously, there's phone-and-reaction between other devices and the metal area. You will find improvised solos within the link with each chorus. This recording seems happy, marketplace- like. The agreement in Manteca is very magnificent. Manteca seems Cuban-like, hot, and enthusiastic. Another bebop recording by the Reboppers of Charlie Parker is deemed among the bebop recording. The saving, Koko is intense and confusing, in notes which are constructed on the move recording named Cherokee and which shows characteristics. Just like a common bebop saving, Koko shows solos that are substantial. The preparations are simple. Charlie Parker displays an exceptional talent that just several saxophonists can fit. The piano-playing is very unnoticeable, however it performs lightly and leisurely within the history. The drums simply characterizes alongside Gillespieis trumpet mutes/violin playing and Parker sax playing. Parker performs in this lightening method in his alto sax, it is incredible. The tempos in Koko are inconsistent, that makes it particularly hard to check out. Koko's virtuosity seems uncontrolled. Actually, the tunes are innovative, although very unknown. Bass and the capture drum playing by Max Roach at 2: 07 is not typical since it performs in individual. Ge neral, Koko is definitely an enjoyable saving that displays plainly inconsistent looking tunes and quick tempos. Shifting along, Boplicity is just an awesome/westcoast style. Boplicity includes hardly any active contrasts or any blues affect. Unlike bebop, Boplicity is soothing and a lot more enjoyable. The solos are vibrant and somewhat significant. The tempos of an awesome that is typical /westcoast design are reasonable having a sedative perspective. The horn area in Boplicity is gentle and nimble, nothing like the hard-bop recording's brassiness. At:59, a distinction from fragile outfits of the horn goes to some tone that's a little less inadequate in the saxophone . Agreement and the tune of Boplicity is reasonably elaborate. The horn collection is large and wealthy in consistency. Boplicity displays an improvised audio, though its importance is about the preparations. AT-1:36, Davis trumpet solos with quality. Tune and the entire tone of Boplicity is beneficial and gentle, never unstable and intense. Boplicity may be them all's most comforting. Hard-bop is just a design that displays a tough- unstable and ridden audio from metal tools, like the horns and trumpets. Hard-bop faculties is just a distinction to cool west design that is cool. Hard-bop contains impacts from gospel and blues and places more emphasis. Unlike bebop's difficulty, hard-bop is very simple. Backstage Sally, a saving by the Jazz Messengers and also Art Blakey is just a hard-bop item that shows brassy sound and a powerful dance. The start begins like defeat - with horns playing as well as drums in a mix. The drums' character is extremely enthralling; particularly, drums are heavy-hitting. From hard-hitting to reasonable the drums contrasts. Unlike the tunes that are other, the drum within this hard-bop saving is particularly apparent. AT-1:03, tenor sax solos perform within an oral method. Trombone, the trumpet, along with other metal instruments perform within an method that is brassy, actually the back ground riffs are brassy that is apparent. Obviously , there's phone-and-reaction between your flow part and front-line devices. General, Backstage Sally is bluesy, lively, and seriously brassy. Consequently, hard-bop is powerful and mainly brassy -sense design. Similar to Backstage Sally, a tough bop item from the Charles Mingus Septet, Party Stop Mix is aswell. The start is mainly brassy using the horns. Boogie Stop Mix displayis 12-club blues in a playing method that is fast. The bass performs with ostinato riffs, while violin performs in a method. The horns play in a dissonant, although pointed noise; the horns will be different and distinction from appearing just like a bebop-design to hard-bop. The bass-line is specially mainly performed throughout. At 2:24, you will find high pitched solos in the drum. At 3:20, the alto saxophone allows a touching squeal out. Though, Backstage Sally does not be sounded nearly brassy as by this saving, it nevertheless the metal of display -like looks, particularly the start. Boogie Stop Mix is just a quick performed 12-club blues item with bass riffs and exemplary horns. Free-jazz type is dependant on splitting rules that were audio, in the place of establishing rules; of enjoying without limitations in Free-Jazz the impact is substantial. Unlike another styles jazz displays no type improvisations like this of New Orleans punk, and atonality, dissonance, in the event of blues abandonment. Free-Jazz includes abundant- excellent power, consistency, and playing. Two free that is remarkable jazz tracks are "World Evening" documented from the Ornette Coleman Fraction and "Cap and Mustache" documented from the Eric Dolphy Quintet. World Evening, the saving, is humorous, very lively, and fast paced. Coleman displays excitement and enthusiasm . Almost all the devices found in World Evening performs in not really move and a quick method -like. At:24, there's unaccompanied combined improvisation from trumpet and the sax, producing an oral noise. Trumpet and the alto sax appears to be speaking with one another like audio - in squall. More considerably, the alto trumpet and sax perform in wail-like, method that is strange. At:27, Cherry performs his trumpet with eccentricity and expressiveness. The flow part looks glistening particularly due to the continuous sharp ride cymbals produced in the drums. The cymbals are continual throughout creating an ostentatious- . AT-1:20, the drums stop enjoying to get a second, as the alto sax performs improvised solos with complement from low-walking bass-line. From 1:35 towards Civilization's end, the sharp ride cymbals from drums may re-emerge perform and persistently there exists a bass-line too. General, World is just a lively free and really lively jazz recording. Likewise, in Mustache and Cap, the speed is quick. In Mustache and Cap, numerous devices were used, including Dolphyis tight solos in the bass clarinet. Nevertheless, the violin was dumped within this recording. Feelings were found in Mustache and Cap to create up for the piano's lack. The feelings is effective at producing a sound noise. The improvisation is remarkable and very attractive. Dolphy displays creativity and expressiveness by having an apparent understanding of arrangements. Its impact on fresh punk and hard-bop is not indistinguishable within the saving. The speed is fairly move-like. The feelings enter having a strolling bass-line that seems humorous, at:47. The bass performs regularly through the saving in a structure that is continual. Drums and the feelings performs alongside one another in assistance. The feelings is substantial towards this recording's audio; the charm is absolutely added to by the feelings. AT-1:26, Dolphy shows odd solos on bass clarinet produci ng an unusual, wail-like, and enjoyable audio. The feelings are constant throughout because it appears once in awhile. The trumpet solos are comforting and moderate using the bass. The trumpet solos seem much like a these used in an awesome that is typical /punk westcoast design. Obviously, free-jazz doesn't use an audio type. For me, free-jazz seems fascinating and really unusual. Free-jazz artists appear to perform nonetheless they experience. Free-jazz displays uncomfortable playing for example, the wail-like sound, from numerous devices. Free-jazz plainly retains improvisation and creates awkward sounds. Unlike hard-bop, small metal sound is contained by free-jazz. Bitches Brew, the impressive saving, is definitely a perfect instance of the rock and punk blend. Miles Davis built a sizable group for this saving, that will be roughly a-12 gifted team. Blend design is not very indistinct from prior designs, due to the fact of electronics' use. Within this saving, there's evidently large utilization of results and digital devices having a minor decrease and mixture of punk things. A few of the digital devices used in this saving were electronic violin and the electronic bass guitar. Bitches Brew's start is very magnificent, particularly enjoying from percussionists and the electrical pianos. A rock like defeat and rhythm is utilized in the place of a move-like punk tempo. The drums perform in an energetic and cool way. The shaker creates the conga, in addition to an incredibly lively audio regularly throughout. At: Davisis trumpet playing, 41 includes business results, which creates an echo- . Our first thought after I first noticed this trumpet ma tch-audio is in a far more eccentrically method, although the fact that it seems like a battle horn coming simultaneously. This trumpet match-like impact creates a particularly appealing sound and is noisy. AT-1:31, virtually every device appears to collide together, making a much more remarkable audio; this crash one of the numerous devices appears to be a continuing design. AT-1:49, trumpets play in a short, parallel method. Some other results could be noticed within this saving, including the finger-snapping in the 2 of Davis:51 mark. In the 2, the bass ostinato is performed additionally:51 mark, like the ostinato found in the Footprints of Miles Davis Quintet. The ostinato creates a brief, strong and rhythmic expression. It's apparent the results profoundly improved the horn playing of Davis. The bass clarinet doesn't appear with achievement to solo, but rather performs simply because of its tone color. An interesting noise is generated by a mixture of critical results. There's a comprehensive solo part by Kilometers at 3:54, while additional devices may continuously increase with an increase of pressure to its maximum. Whilst the devices appear to perform altogether in a far more peaceful approach at this time, the devices consider an entirely distinct change. In Bitches Brew, the objective of Distance appears to tackle a approach, since percussionists were used. Bitches Brew creates a power sense, like this of the blend design attribute. General, these designs are extremely interesting. I'm most fascinated by free-jazz and blend. The looks of the free-jazz recording audio not uncommon, but uninteresting. Blend may be the most stirring. Probably the most soothing design to hear would not be warm /westcoast punk because of enjoying and its gentle tone. Probably the danceable and most powerful design could be hard-bop due to the hard-hitting on drums, bluesy guitar noise. These styles each are distinctive and unique in its approach.

Key Factors of Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Key Factors of Leadership - Assignment Example Technology has transformed healthcare organizations into networks, and large companies are increasingly made up of people running small business units. A leader with change management skills means someone who can successfully steer a team, department or healthcare organization through any kind of metamorphosis. Disruptive innovations are changing the business landscape overnight and knocking market leaders out of position for failing to better understand and manage the evolution of their business. Leaders need not only to look after their own employees but also the suppliers and competitors who are seen as stakeholders and need to be managed differently.The Nature of Changeâ€Å"Change† is the popular word these days especially in healthcare organizations. It may be described as radical change, or frame-breaking change, incremental change or frame-bending change (Kolb, 1992). To achieve change in healthcare organizations, leaders adopt different strategies. These may be forced -coercion, rational persuasion or shared power strategies. A force-coercion strategy uses legitimacy, rewards, and/or punishments as primary inducements to change. Whereas, in rational persuasion strategy; the leader attempts to bring about change with special knowledge, empirical support, or rational arguments (Kolb,1992) In shared power strategy for change accommodation, the leader actively and sincerely involves other people who will be affected by a change in planning and making key decisions in respect to it. It is sometimes also called normative-re-educative strategy. Any change must bring a different corporate culture and therefore different expectations from the employees in terms of their behaviour and working attitudes. It encompasses all factors of corporate culture. A corporate culture may be defined as "the underlying assumptions, beliefs, values, attitudes, and expectations shared by the members of a healthcare

Foundation of scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Foundation of scholarship - Essay Example 1)" and the end of nation states. Since the time of their emergence national states have always been among the key participants in the world economy. However, the time when nation states were highly effective in creation of wealth is over, and nation states of this epoch have turned into simple mechanisms of wealth distribution. The function of wealth creation has shifted toward and distributed among four forces, namely: investment, corporations, consumers, and information technology. Ohmae does a really great job explaining capital and organizational benefit from the advanced modern instruments of communication thus facilitating international transaction and how modern type of consumers affects the flow of goods and services. As a result, investments have ceased to be domestically driven and become so profit driven, that even the nation states increasingly invest abroad these days instead of reinforcing their domestic potential. Similarly, industries and corporations also do not perceive the state interests as the primary guideline in their operations and become increasingly involved in transnational activities.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Leadership - Essay Example Then there are those who believe that these two concepts are two different extremes, they believe that a good manager can never become a productive leader. Certain individuals even hold the view that both concepts operate together and a manager can play a leaders role while being in a management position. An organization comprising of teams and groups require the assistance of both leaders and managers to operate successfully. Several similarities may exist within the roles of the managers and the leaders, and several differences that separate both the positions even exist. This writing will focus on the differences between the two roles while accepting the fact that one single individual can play both roles at the same time. Body Leadership is referred to as a process in which an individual has the task of influencing a team of individuals with the aim of achieving common goals (MANNING, 2003, p.5). This means that leadership is firstly a process and it involves a sub process called influencing and cannot occur without the availability of a group and aims at attaining goals. These components of the definition of leadership are available in almost every theory and definition related to leadership. A leader is supposed to have several characteristics, some of the most important characteristics a leader should have in order to be successful includes: skills to coach others, confidence in one self and others, he should be do as he say or in other words there should be consistency between what he preach and what he does, he should have creative skills and should have an eye for creativity to acknowledge the creativity shown by others (MANNING, 2003, p.364). Some other skills that a leader require is emotional intelligence, emotional intelligence is referred to as the ability to figure out the emotional issues that one is suffering and then helping them to solve those issues. A leader should have a strong vision of the future and should be able to inspire others thr ough the vision and should be motivated towards the long term achievements of the organization. He should be able to not only respond to the needs of his/her team members at the team level, he should address their issues at the individual level as well. A leader should be high in self esteem and should view him positively, he should stand for trust and integrity and pass on the same message to his/her followers. He should have adopted or learned technical skills in order to assist team members when ever required, he/she should have the ability to not only delegate responsibility, he should even delegate authority so followers can accomplish their task in the best manner and he should always provide feedback to employees to keep them motivated. These are some of the characteristics and skills of a leader, these skills and characteristics do overlap with the skills and abilities of a manger, still there is tremendous amount of difference between these two occupations. Several definiti ons that differentiate leadership from management and managers are available. This does not necessarily means that both these positions cannot be handled by one single individual. One individual has the ability to carry out the responsibilities of a leader as well as a manager. Management is defined as a body that has the power to direct individuals within an organization by administering, supervising these individuals. Both leadership and management have various aspects in common. The principle job of both the responsibilities includes influencing others within an organization, assisting those who are working with them and for them in an

Taxation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Taxation - Essay Example However, the unrecovered rent of two months that the previous tenant totaling  £1,000 will not be deducted in deriving the taxable profit since the amount is not an expense entitled to the property owner for immediate deduction under the Inland Revenue provisions (Lunt, 2009). Similarly, the  £600 rent paid in advance has to be reflected in property income assessment. Under the Inland Revenue rules, rent advances have to be reflected in the year the financial year the rent income has been received (Segal, 2011). This implies that the 2013-2014 property income assessment that runs up to 30 June of 2014 has to cater for all rental income even if it is not meant for a month falling in the given financial year. Furthermore, the rent income that was collected from the previous tenant before defaulting has to be included in the property income assessment provided to the Inland Revenue authority (BLS.com, 2014). Consequently, client A’s profit that will be taxed by the Inland Rev enue authority is the derived after deducting the three identified expenses from all rental income received within financial year of 2013-2014. Undeclared property income has the consequence of imposing penalty charges on the property owner for defaulting to remit the tax returns for the given financial years (Gilbertson, 2009) (James, 2009). However, client B has the potential of saving the money charged by HMRC by reporting the undeclared property rental income. The opportunity is available to client B by registering for self-assessment in declaring income that has not been taxed for the last four years (Warren, Reeve, & Duchac, 2012). The tax return is filled in different tax return to cover for each of the undeclared tax. In addition, the HM Revenue and Customs provides that if one has registered for Self Assessment but has failed to declare all their income generated in previous years, he

Buddhist Scriptures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Buddhist Scriptures - Essay Example Buddha expects everyone to live and lead a happy and peaceful life. Buddhism does not entertain strange, unfounded beliefs and is not much concerned about what is happening over the sky. It addresses to the day to day secular problems and the procedures to meet the challenges with equanimity, and with a confident mental poise. Buddha is an enlightened soul, and he has transcended the barriers of the mind and he remains in the state of bliss. His revelations (not teachings) are delivered from the conflict-free zone, and hence they are divine-ordained, blemish-free and everlasting. He does not expect his followers to act on blind faith, and advises them to put the individual experiences to test and find out the truth with own efforts. When he says that there are many Buddhas before me and there will be many Buddhas after me and each one of you have the intrinsic capacity to become Buddha, he means that the path of self-realization is possible with one’s individual efforts only. There are no shortcuts to attain that divine state, and get freedom from dualities. Buddhism prescribes twin goals for an individual. They are, to know self and to learn the teachings of Buddha. The ordinary nature of an individual relates to the gross traits like anger, fear, jealously and other negative feelings. The other is the true nature (the divine one) that is wise, pure and perfect. That is the state of bliss and in terms of Buddhism it is called Buddha nature. The difference between the two natures is the former is the non-awakened state and the latter is the awakened state. In the Buddhist scriptures, one will find elaborate commentaries on profound topics and universal truths like, nothing is lost in the universe, everyt hing changes, law of cause and effect, the four noble truths, etc. When one reads the variety of Buddhist Scriptures, they apparently appear full of contradictions but their essence is the same. Their perplexity is

Personal statement for graduate admission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal statement for graduate admission - Essay Example This degree program helped me come to terms with the different nuances of Information Technology and allowed me to get acquainted with the web and database quarters. I have been working in different capacities since 2006 which has only made me feel apt with how I have viewed my professional domains and what I expect from life in general. My hard work, I believe, is the key which has given me immense confidence at the end of the day. This is the reason why I have always longed for something interesting and exciting coming my way, asking me to give my best and concentrate wholly and solely towards the task at hand. The new technologies and developments have made me feel aligned towards what I plan to do in my educational quarters. This is the reason why I have chosen the Information Technology field because it excites a person time and again, and gives him the room to shape up his learning tenets as and when required. I have experienced that being at the top of one’s professional domains eventually helps the individual to grow beyond a certain level, and this is exactly what has transformed my life in a number of different ways. My technical skills are aptly driven to achieve results which are not only strategically designed but also aimed at harnessing the skills that I have attained with the passage of time over the years. Since I have gained much insight into how Oracle 10g, Java language, PHP, MS SQL Server and other applications and software are run, I feel that I have turned a leaf within my professional acumen. This is the reason why I find myself head and shoulders above the rest, as this has assisted me in growing and developing my own self over a period of time. In the end, I would request the authorities at the helm of affairs to consider my case for graduate admission because I opine that I am the best fit. My aim is to give the very best and this can only be

Spanish literature Essay Example for Free

Spanish literature Essay From Latin litterae (plural); letter is the art of written work. The word literature literally means: things made from letters. The body of written works of a language, period, or culture. Imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value: Literature must be an analysis of experience and a synthesis of the findings into a unity (Rebecca West). The art or occupation of a literary writer. The body of written work produced by scholars or researchers in a given field. Printed material  Written material such as poetry, novels, essays, etc. , esp works of imagination characterized by excellence of style and expression and by themes of general or enduring interest. The body of written work of a particular culture or people Written or printed matter of a particular type or on a particular subject Printed material giving a particular type of information. The art or profession of a writer Obsolete learning Writing in prose or verse regarded as having permanent worth through its intrinsic excellence. The entire body of writings of a specific language, period, people, etc. The writings dealing with a particular subject. The profession of a writer or author. Literary work or production. Any kind of printed material, as circulars, leaflets, or handbills. Archaic. literary culture; appreciation of letters and books. Creative writing of recognized artistic value  writings in which expression and form, in connection with ideas of permanent and universal interest,are characteristic or essential features, as poetry, novels, history, biography, and essays. Written works (such as poems, plays, and novels) that are considered to be very good and to have lasting importance.

Importance Of Organisational Behaviour Business Essay

Importance Of Organisational Behaviour Business Essay Introduction In the current context there are more competitive for the business. Many companies are producing same items to the market with different trademark. They are running their business with a vision. For successful vision achievement they have to achieve their goals. So they are in a position to run their organization better than their competitors. So for the successful organisational environment, they have to satisfy their employees. In the present context, when you are working in the organisation, you may think is this the right organisation for you? In my point the many answers will be No. The main reason for this answer Managers have lack of knowledge about how to manage organisational behaviour. Due to this less knowledge, managers straggling to handle employees problems in a proper way and they are not guiding the employees in a line to achieving organisations goal. Because of this many qualified employees are trying to find a job in other organization where having a high-quality management. If qualified employees leave the organisation, organisations goal achievement result will be negative. So the managers should have jam-packed knowledge about organisational behaviour. In this point you will think what is organisational behaviour? There are many definitions for this but simply can say, for a act getting different responds from different people and the way of reaction between two people in the office situation. So good manager will observe this and he could identify that who is proficient and who wants to get more knowledge. If the employee satisfied with his job, they will be more productive and their respond also will be satisfied. For example, if manager employed who is a young, shy and softly spoken girl, manager cannot put her in the role of marketing. Instead, manager can place her in a low stress position that would suit her nature. So the organisational behaviour is not just about keeping employees happy. It is about placing staff in a position that suits their personality and experience as well as helping employees to nurture in a way that they become more of an asset to the business. Literature revive Organisational behaviour is an inevitable process in the organisations. The organisations goals are achieving by their managers, so they should run the organisation effectively. Here we are analysing some important organisational behaviours which knowledge helps to managers. In the organisational environment, all behaviours are interconnected. Manager has to identify the employees behaviour and he has to make the link with other behaviours to effectively run the organisation. For an example if a person who is working efficiently in the marketing field with an extraversion personality, we need to motivate him as well as we have to make a job satisfaction for him. So here personality, motivation and job satisfaction behaviours are interconnected. Here I am analysing some important organisational behaviour about what is behaviour? How these behaviours will help to the managers for decision making? What are the theories has to consider when decision making? Etc. So this will helps to the managers who are having lack of knowledge about organisational behaviour. Organisational Behaviour importance of todays context Personality What is personality? Until now there is no any agreement on the exact meaning of personality. But there are many ways to describe the personality (i.e strong, weak or polite). My description about personality is The kind of ability which people having. All people they are not having equal mentality, person to person it will differ. So when manager while working with them, he/she can identify their personality and he/she can categorize them with Big Five personality traits. If manager assign a job to a person in inside the office who is having more extraversion, his all talents are shrinking inside the office and he/she wont get effective result from him. But if manager assign him as a marketing person, he/she will get more effective and efficient result from him. 3.2 Motivation Motivation is the process to encourage the employee to work effectively to achieve the organisational goal. Manager has to identify the system to motivate his/her employees. Without an appropriate technique manager cannot satisfy each and every employee. So initially manager has to identify the needs and based on that needs he/she can motivate the employee by provide incentives. There are many theories from many researchers to identify the needs. But Maslows hierarchy of need theory and Herzbergs two factor theories are mostly consider by decision makers. Motivational system can be identified by categorize the employees needs under these theories. For an example if an employee has a need for job security, manager can motivate him by giving long term contract, job related training programme etc. 3.3 Job Satisfaction What is job satisfaction? How manager can satisfy the employee? Simply can say that getting positive result from the one employees job appraisal or job experience, job satisfaction is one of the important attitude. In the job satisfaction many internal factors will influence like the work itself, Payment, Promotion opportunities, Supervision and Co-workers, but in the meanwhile some external factors also influencing. For an example one person is working in the developed area with all internal external facilities. But suddenly management has transferred him to the remote area with same job, where is no external facilities like his previous worked area (travelling facilities, good food etc). When they observed his performance after transfer, it was lesser than previous. So manager has to take action to enhance satisfaction for an example Make jobs more fun, have fair pay, design jobs to make them satisfying and providing office transportation or allowance. Leadership As we discussed earlier, the different personalities are working in organization. There should have monitoring and controlling between staff, so they need a proper leadership. How manager can find correct leadership? What kind of characteristics he/she should have? This type of questions will arise before assign the leader. There are many definitions for leadership. According to Useem, leadership is a matter of making a difference. It entails changing an organisation and making active choices among plausible alternatives, and depends on the development of others and mobilising them to get the job done. Manager can ask a question why managers cant be a leader? As per Watsons 7-S organizational framework he suggests that whereas managers tend towards reliance on strategy, structure, and systems, leaders have an inherent inclination for utilisation of the soft Ss of style, staff, skills, and shared goals. Also manager can see the different characteristic between Manager and Leader as fo llows. Manager Leader Administers Innovates A copy An original Maintains Develops Focus on systems and structure Focuses on people Relies on control Inspires trust Short-range view Long-range perspective Asks how and when Asks what and why Eye on the bottom line Eye on the horizon Imitates Originates Accepts the status quo Challenges the status quo Classic good soldier Own person Does things right Does the right things When manager intend to recruit or position a leader, he/she should identify above characteristic from that employee. Leadership style There are different styles are following by leaders among their group. Autocratic This style is dominating the staff by his decision. Democratic This style is making decision among consult with others. Laissez-Faire This style is following the systems as it is. It will helps to the managers to identify the correct leader style to the appropriate group. Group Behaviour Group behaviour is two or more individuals, interrelating and co-dependent, who have come together to achieve particular goals. Group behaviour starts from the beginnings that contribute to the groups efficiencies. So manager should know why group behaviour is important? How groups are working? How to develop the groups? What are the characteristics groups should have? While working in the group, employee can reduce the insecurity of standing alone, recognition and status will be provided by others to the group members, possibilities are in the group for achievement which could not achieve as an individual, goal achievement period will be less. Group development Forming : characterized by uncertainly. Storming : characterized by intergroup Norming : characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness Performing : when is fully functional Adjourning : This presents the end of the group, characterized by concern with wrapping up activities rather than task performance. Based on above structure if manager form the group, the behaviour of the group will be efficacy for organisations goal achievement. Training Development Manager is the responsible person to get more work from employees. From the above examples he/she can come across that someone capable someone incapable to handle specific job. So manager has to make everyone as capable workers. What is training programme? How can do this? What are the better ways to conducting training programmes to staff? This type of questions will arise from manager. There are many definitions for training. Steinmez said Training is a short-term process utilizing a systematic and organized procedure by which non-managerial personnel learn technical knowledge and skill and David de Cenzo and S.P. Robbins said Training involves changing of skills, knowledge, attitude or social behaviour (Nirmal Singh, HRM, p404). Before go for a training, manager has to identify the lacking part of employee. There are certain steps to discover the training needs Analysing Jobs and Men: if the men are less capable to perform the particular jobs they can be given training to increase their skills. Collecting Employees and Managerial Opinions: The training section may either by interviews or questionnaires obtain views of different people regarding necessary and desirable training programmes. Anticipating Requirements of Different Jobs: As a manager, you can forecast earlier the manpower requirement on the basis of long-term plans such as business expansion, new technology etc. Training may be given to the existing employees to enable them to meet the requirements of new jobs in the future. Once manager identify the needs, he/she has to plan the training methods. The training programmes should conducted by well trained trainers. Development is the process of transition of an employee from a lower level of ability, skill and knowledge to that of higher level. This transition is influenced by education, training, work experience and environment. Developments are mostly considered for the managerial level staff. Change Management In every organisation change is inevitable and unavoidable. The organisation which fails to change is sure to fail, because change is required to maintain stability to some extent in the functioning of organisation. The managers always keen on these changes. There are two main forces will involve in changes. Internal forces: These forces may either be derived from the change in external environment or may be because of management induced forces. Internal forces mainly include the following: Top management and its philosophy and corporate policy. Retirement, promotion, resignation and transfer of key functionaries of the organisation. Change is the perception, attitude, feelings, beliefs and expectations of the employees working in the organisation. Change is internal environment of the organisation. External forces: These forces include all factors of external environment which directly or indirectly affect the functioning of an organisation. Some of them are as under. Socio Culture: Education, population dynamics, rate of urbanisation, social traditions and customs will force the organisation for changes. Economic: It will includes the demand, competition, price mechanism, buying capacity, distribution of income, cost and quality and availability of various resources. Political and Legal: In the political level major opposition party, political stability, morality and values will force the organisation. Technology: In the technology level new techniques of production, innovation of new process etc. Will force the organisation. Work environment: in this environment customer loyalty, supplier regularity, community attitude and recognition of society will force the organisation Once manager identified the factors for changes, he/she should plan to make changes. There are few steps to be followed to make changes. Step 1 Preparing for change  (Preparation, assessment and strategy development) Step 2 Managing change  (Detailed planning and change management implementation) Reinforcing change Collect and analyze feedback Diagnose gaps and manage resistance Implement corrective actions and celebrate successes Preparing for change Identify change management Strategy Arrange change management Team Develop sponsorship model Managing change Develop change management plan Implement plansStep 3 Reinforcing change  (Data gathering, corrective action and recognition) Conclusion. Above organisational behaviour analysis exposed that how organisational behaviours knowledge is very important to manage the organisation. Each and every behaviours are important because they are inter-connected with each one. If group behaviours are not satisfied, they can go for a training programme. As well as if Leadership style changed, we can identify the lacking part for change and based on that can be motivated or making job satisfaction. Like this all behaviours are linked with other. So when organisation is planned to place a manager, they need to test their behaviour knowledge. So I hope that above my analysis will help to the managers, who are having poor knowledge about organisational behaviour. 5. References http://www.flatworldknowledge.com/node/34687#web-34687 http://www.pateo.com/article6.html http://cgda.nic.in/rt/rtcblr/website/Training%20Material/H%20R%20D/Motivation.htm http://www.coaching-for-new-women-managers.com/job-satisfaction.html Group Behaviour Model  (PIC) http://www.management-hub.com/change-management.html http://www.change-management.com/tutorial-change-process-detailed.htm http://www.ehow.com/how_2076444_identify-employee-training-needs.html#ixzz1BXP7leoM

The Internet :: Web Technology Essays

The Internet When the Internet was developed in the 1960s, most of the world was unaware of the impact it would have on the world and our society within a relatively short period of time. In less than forty years, the World Wide Web has literally become the "Information Super Highway" as Al Gore so succinctly named it (Daly, 1998). With this massive influx of information through a web of interconnected networks have come problems and some solutions. The magnitude of data stored on the Web and the Internet brings about many questions regarding readability, currency, policies, validity, quality, reliability, moral issues, creditability, market appeal, and adequacy in the mechanics of language just to name a few. Except in technologically advanced circles of society, the Web was virtually unheard of prior to the wide availability of the Mosaic browser in 1993. At that time, the Web emerged nearly full-blown and was so successful that within a few months it was being used by millions of people (Maddux, 1998). As a result of this rapid growth of the Web, the quality of many websites today is poor. Maddux (1998) states that "standards for academic and other publishing of traditional media, like books, evolved over a period of centuries while the technical and distribution problems were being solved". The Web has not been afforded the luxury of having the component of time to develop standards for the information being published. Maddux (1998) believes that "Web quality seems to be declining, rather than improving". Often when a person searches for information through a Web search engine, he is inundated with incompetent web pages. It is difficult, time-consuming, frustrating, overwhelming, a nd sometimes impossible for an internet novice to find useful information. In turn, those using the web for educational fulfillment have to jump barriers just to find high-quality information. To remedy the problems with the Web, some guidelines need to be set forth and followed. Authors of web sites need to proofread and revise material for language and mechanics much as if they were writing a paper for their English class to be graded by a teacher. Web site authors should use common sense in deciding what and when to publish and should keep the published material up-to-date. Just as students should not turn in an unfinished assignment to a teacher, the author of a website should not publish unfinished pages or pages under construction.

Hostage Negotiation Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hostage and barricade incidents are amongst the most difficult, emotional, and sometimes potentially lethal situations that a negotiator can be involved in. Often, the hostage taker shows signs of mental illness, drug or alcohol intoxication, or personal disputes accompanied by a high level of emotion. (Feldmann) These contributing factors lead to impulsive and often unpredictable behavior on the part of the hostage taker. It is sometimes impossible for negotiators to anticipate possible outcomes and complications that could arise from these incidents. Negotiators use a wide variety of tools, information, and strategies to try and resolve whatever grievances and demands the perpetrator is exhibiting. The main focus on the part of the negotiator is to keep the hostage alive, then try to negotiate a surrender. There is a considerable risk to both the victims and law enforcement when dealing with a hostage situation. (Feldmann) This paper will ide ntify and distinguish several high risk factors that negotiators and law enforcement use to extinguish potentially lethal situations. The presence or absence of these factors can influence the outcome of a situation for the better or for the worst. Second, this paper will identify several motivations for hostage taking. Why and what would prompt an individual to take hostages? Several influential and background reasons will be examined. Finally, some successful and also failed negotiations will be explored, with possible reasons and explanations to what factors made them either a success or a failure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hostage negotiation is as much of an art as it is a science. The negotiator not only holds the lives of the victims in his hands, but the lives of law enforcement and the hostage taker as well. His persuasiveness and communication abilities have the power to protect and save lives. The Hostage Taker   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most common reasons for a hostage taking situation is desperation. The hostage taker feels desperate because of either what he has done or what he is doing. (DeFao) Taking a hostage is a split second decision usually made out of desperation. (DeFao) A person who is in the process of committing a crime, for instance a bank robber who has been surrounded or confron... ...he presence of high-risk factors, consider all other intelligence available, and combine this information with the assessments made by both the negotiation and tactical teams. This combined information will assist in differentiating between a genuine hostage situation, and a pseudo-hostage situation. The success or failure of the situation ultimately lies in the persuasive and communication abilities of the negotiator. Bibliography 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feldmann, Theodore : Hostage Negotiation Research. Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences: University of Louisvillle school of Medicine: Jan.15, 2001 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WWW. hostagenegotiationtraining.com 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry: Psychiatric consultation to police hostage negotiation teams: Volume 19, 1998, p.27-44 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  VanZandt, Clinton : Hostage/Barricade Situations: Special operations Unit Training Manual: FBI Academy 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  DeFao, Janine: Hostage crisis calls for an artists touch: Sacramento Bee: Sunday, March 5, 1995: 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WWW. rcmp-learning.org/docs/ecdd1216.htm

Exploring Autism in Children Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Pape

Exploring Autism in Children Susan was a normal, happy, active infant. Her parents were so relieved that all her checkups at the pediatrician's office indicated that her growth and development were above average. At 6 months she could sit up and crawl and at 10 months she was walking. She seemed to babble more than her older brother did at the same age and was talking at 16 months. All the milestones in her early development were ahead of schedule. One day when she was 18 months old, her mother found her sitting alone in the yard spinning the wheels of her wagon with such persistence that her mom joked with her friends that maybe Susan would be an engineer when she grew up. Susan's mother began to notice many unusual behaviors from her sweet, happy little girl. She seemed really different from her older brother. At 2 years old, Susan, she began to digress more and more. Suddenly, Susan stopped talking and it felt as if she wasn't the same baby she once was. She became obsessed with order and threw a tantrum when anything was moved or was out of place. She was always putting hairy toys in her mouth or sniffing and licking them. It was clear that she was very sensitive to taste, sound, smell, and touch. She threw a tantrum when her mother tried to put jeans on her, soft sweatpants were much more comfortable. When her mom called her by her name, she appeared to be deaf because she was unresponsive to voices or language. She avoided eye contact and would often be fixated on a single item or activity for a long period of time. She was very active and was constantly rocking or flapping her hands. She also would become aggressive. When something would upset her, she would suddenly explode, grabbing anything she could get... ... Andrew awakes. Ladies Home Journal (163-166) Neuwirth, S & Segal, J. Autism. Source: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Retrieved March 14, 2002 from the World Wide Web:http://www.athealth.com/Consumer/Disorders/ Autism.html Powers, M, Psy, D. Children with Autism a parent's guide. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House Inc. 3-9, 294. 297-298. Smith, D. (1992). Special Education. very low incidence Disabilities: Autism, Deaf- Blindness & Traumatic Brain Injury. (Pg. 520-530, 553-557). Needhan Heights, MA Autism 10 What is Autism . (2001 June) . Colorado Department of Education Fast Facts. Retrieved March 12,2002 from the World Wide Web: www. cde.state.co.us. Treatment and education of eutism and related communication handicapped children.Chapel Hill TEACCH information.Retrieved June 15, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://Autism- info.com/teacch.html Exploring Autism in Children Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Pape Exploring Autism in Children Susan was a normal, happy, active infant. Her parents were so relieved that all her checkups at the pediatrician's office indicated that her growth and development were above average. At 6 months she could sit up and crawl and at 10 months she was walking. She seemed to babble more than her older brother did at the same age and was talking at 16 months. All the milestones in her early development were ahead of schedule. One day when she was 18 months old, her mother found her sitting alone in the yard spinning the wheels of her wagon with such persistence that her mom joked with her friends that maybe Susan would be an engineer when she grew up. Susan's mother began to notice many unusual behaviors from her sweet, happy little girl. She seemed really different from her older brother. At 2 years old, Susan, she began to digress more and more. Suddenly, Susan stopped talking and it felt as if she wasn't the same baby she once was. She became obsessed with order and threw a tantrum when anything was moved or was out of place. She was always putting hairy toys in her mouth or sniffing and licking them. It was clear that she was very sensitive to taste, sound, smell, and touch. She threw a tantrum when her mother tried to put jeans on her, soft sweatpants were much more comfortable. When her mom called her by her name, she appeared to be deaf because she was unresponsive to voices or language. She avoided eye contact and would often be fixated on a single item or activity for a long period of time. She was very active and was constantly rocking or flapping her hands. She also would become aggressive. When something would upset her, she would suddenly explode, grabbing anything she could get... ... Andrew awakes. Ladies Home Journal (163-166) Neuwirth, S & Segal, J. Autism. Source: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Retrieved March 14, 2002 from the World Wide Web:http://www.athealth.com/Consumer/Disorders/ Autism.html Powers, M, Psy, D. Children with Autism a parent's guide. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House Inc. 3-9, 294. 297-298. Smith, D. (1992). Special Education. very low incidence Disabilities: Autism, Deaf- Blindness & Traumatic Brain Injury. (Pg. 520-530, 553-557). Needhan Heights, MA Autism 10 What is Autism . (2001 June) . Colorado Department of Education Fast Facts. Retrieved March 12,2002 from the World Wide Web: www. cde.state.co.us. Treatment and education of eutism and related communication handicapped children.Chapel Hill TEACCH information.Retrieved June 15, 2000 from the World Wide Web: http://Autism- info.com/teacch.html

Can Technology Replace Teachers Essay

TV, computers have fully integrated into urban life in many spheres like education, entertainment, and commerce, and therefore, some people consider that the technology such as multimedia teaching would replace teachers in class. I would say this does not sound very convincing because the superiority of the teachers are obvious. The first and most apparent advantage that face-to-face conversation is a vital ability for the environment of the social working is clear. Teachers give students direction to have a good grasp to work in the team or respect each other. It is possible for one to have a video communication with teacher to achieve that, however, the meaning of much of what we say depends on our body language and tone of voice which can not be transmitted by the computers. The interaction between teachers arid students is the core of teaching process. Additionally, it is generally thought that multimedia always connects with Internet which is a double-edged sword. The Internet with innumerable news sources about curriculum let us make the paradox of choice. For instance, we downland a mass of materials for TOEFL tests but do not know which one to start. Teachers play significant roles to guide our study, and they can tell us where we begin with, what we should do, and which reference we should choose, hence their proposal always make a huge difference especially in a brand new discipline. As a facilitator ,teacher can make us learn efficiency. Whats more, students,with low self-control, also easier to indulge in bad or rather faulty information and act on it. Teachers also play significant roles in supervising students. In conclusion, the computer has been widely used in class,it cannot replace the role of teachers who impersonated an essential part of modern education. Nevertheless,multimedia teaching facilitates our education like PPT teaching which can avoid the chalk dust. Teachers can use this trait to mend and consummate our education.

Do Not Learn as a Machine Essay

It’s twelve at night. Tons of papers and a cup of coffee on the desk prepared for pulling an all-nighter. Studying for the exam tomorrow, cramming tons of class-notes and materials. Students are fighting for an A. However, what do we expect them to learn from it? Is it even beneficial to them? After all, most students forget almost everything as soon as they finish the exam. Apparently, there are some fundamental problems in our current educational system. In the three essays, â€Å"The ‘Banking’ Concept of Education† by Paulo Freire, â€Å"Against School† by John Taylor Gatto and â€Å"The Achievement of Desire† by Richard Rodriguez, the authors realize different problems of the educational system and have different opinions about it. In my point of view, the main problem in the current educational system is that it encourages students to receive information meekly, without doubting, questioning or even understanding the material. As a result, these students resemble machines which acquire many facts but can barely develop their own critical thinking. The three aforementioned authors have differing opinions on the current educational system, but they all describe it as a system where students merely receive information but do not undergo critical thinking. In â€Å"Against School,† Gatto states that the educational system is a scheme the government uses to make people more â€Å"manageable† by reducing their critical judgment. To achieve this, school provide answers of every question to the students. It works because â€Å"Easy answers have removed the need to ask questions† (Gatto 155). It is true. Since students were taught in their early life that teachers are absolutely right, and that they should obey the authorities, as a result, most of them do not judge the teachers’ explanations. As they grow up, students tend to find the answers from books or teachers instead of figuring the answer out by themselves. Thus, their critical and original thinking have been obliterated completely under this educational system. Moreover, the boredom of schooling successfully removes the students’ curiosity which drive them to ask questions. A similar idea appears in â€Å"The ‘Banking’ Concept of Education. Freire uses the term â€Å"banking system† to describe the educational system where the teachers deposit a large amount of knowledge on the students. Students soon become receptacles which â€Å"extend only as far as receiving, filling, and storing the deposits† (Freire 1). These students do not understand how the information related to the real world, and can neither apply the knowledge to the real world problem nor develop their own critical thinking. In â€Å"The Achievement of Desire†, Rodriguez mainly describes his early life as a successful student. It gives a concrete example to support Gatto and Freire’s opinion. As he describes himself as a â€Å"great mimic; a collector of thoughts, not a thinker† (203), it fits Gatto and Freire’s description about the educational system, that even a considerably â€Å"successful† student could not perform critical and original thinking. Under this type of educational system, students try to find their way to achieve high scores. However, it turns out that the best way to be successful in this system isn’t the best way to learn. In the essays, the authors describe how the â€Å"successful† student is like. According to Freire, â€Å"The more meekly the receptacles permit themselves to be filled, the better students they are† (1). In order to be considered â€Å"good† under this system, students need to receive a large amount of facts on a superficial level. The best strategy is not to think, not to question, just believe and memorize it. Freire observes a phenomena in which teachers talk about contents â€Å"which are detached from reality, disconnected from the totality that engendered them† (1). In this way, students acquire tons of facts and maybe enhance their memorization ability, but fail to understand how these facts are connected to the daily life. In â€Å"The Achievement of Desire,† Rodriguez realizes that he was the â€Å"worst student,† even though he was considered â€Å"successful† in the system. â€Å"He becomes in every obvious way the worst student, a dummy mouthing the opinions of others. But he would not be so bad—nor would he become so successful, a scholarship boy—if he did not accurately perceive that the best synonym for primary ‘education’ is ‘imitation’† (203). The scholarship boy noticed that the best way to succeed in this system is to borrow and copy the ideas of others. Clearly we know that this is not the way to learn, as learning requires original processes. Therefore, it can be concluded that being successful in the educational system is not the same as being successful in learning. My experience supports this. Some teachers in my high school ask students to memorize all the model answers to every possible question that might be asked on the standardized test, but do not give explanations or have activities which could actually help students understand. The aim of teaching would then become merely the test scores. My physics teacher kept reminding us how many students got an A in a standardized test under his training, which emphasized becoming â€Å"machines for solving problems. † Being these machines could improve our performance on a test; however, we did not retain any substantial knowledge throughout the class, some even losing the motivation to learn afterwards. Solutions to a problem can be simple once we understand the cause of it. In the essays, the authors suggest their individual solutions. Freire suggests to oppose the â€Å"banking system,† by implementing a â€Å"problem-posing system. † In a problem-posing system, teachers pose some problems related to the world and ask the students to attempt to solve them without a straight forward answer (Freire 7). Students would then have the chance to explore the respective topic by themselves, think about every possible solution creatively. It takes time for all students to figure out the answer, and some of them may even fail to do it, but at least each student has tried to think about the problem. In this way, students are learning the material cognitively, and hence they will understand it more deeply and be able to apply the knowledge to the real world. Moreover, this system can motivate students to learn. According to Freire, â€Å"Students, as they are increasingly posed with problems relating to themselves in the world and with the world, will feel increasingly challenged and obliged to respond to that challenge† (8). When students try solving the problem, they are not being narrated by the boring materials and instead use their creative brainpower. They will find it fun to learn in this way and grow an enthusiasm to continue learning. In â€Å"Against School,† Gatto suggests to do the retrograde of the school’s mediocre influence on children. â€Å"School trains children to be employees and consumers; teach your own to be leaders and adventurers. School trains children to obey reflexively teach your own to think critically and independently† (155). To do this, we can educate children not only by books, but also encourage them to join different kinds of extra-curriculum activities such that they can grow interest in all areas. As an international student, I always compare the educational systems in America and Macau. I found that the educational system in America is relatively more â€Å"problem-posing† than my early education in Macau. Professors always give us chance to discuss and have more in-class activities. I fit in this problem-posing system and thus I can learn better and understand concepts more clearer. In conclusion, in order to learn cognitively and acquire the true knowledge, students should try to understand the materials before they decide to believe and cram it. Doxa means common beliefs and facts, while logos means the principle of knowledge. When students deeply understand it, they will attain the level of logos, not only doxa. It gives the students knowledge as well as the skill to derive other truths. To avoid being a machine, we should have our own thought and creativity. In the ideal problem-posing system, students can explore it in their way but not copying others’ ideas because they do not need to worry about their grades. They would then have their original opinion and thought, instead of meekly receiving information, being a mindless machine.

Personality Development Essay

-Psychology-scientific study of human and animal behavior and human mental processes. -Logos-logic : Ancient greek philosophers. Introduce logos. Explain natural world. -Natural Philosophers-naturalistic/physicalistic explanations. Mythos: story or legend. -Empiricism-knowledge based on observable events. Instantly applied to understanding of natural world. -Personality Psychology-scientific study of unique, characteristic patterns of thinking. Feeling, acting(cognition, emotion, behavior) –Various Theories â€Å"Different focus will produce different conclusions.† Hebrew Tradition (mythos) – two basic impulses that are identified. 1. yetzer ra: selfish impulse. Drive towards survival. 2. Yetzer Tov: Selfish/altruist impulse. Moral. Christian Tradition (mythos) – Original sin. Basic Nature is selfish. Early Greek Tradition (logos) – Greek physicians: Hippocrates (460-370bc) Human health/behavior-result of bodily fluids/humors. Imbalance of humors produces illness(blood, phlegm, bile). Related to fire water wind earth air. Galen (131-200ad) Development of Theory of Impernment (personality types) 4 Types: *Sanguine (blood and air) Personalities: extraverted, social. Extreme: arrogant, indulgent, impulsive ** Cholaric (yellow bile, fire) Personality: passionate, charismatic, ambitious, energetic. Extreme: dominary ***Melancholic (Black bile, earth) Personalities: thoughtfulness, considerate, creative. Extreme: OCD ****Phlematic (phlegm, water) Personalities: kind, dependable, reliable. Extreme: inhibited, reserved. ^Continues as Trait Theory Myers Brigg personality type indicator–invented by Carl Jung E-I: extrovert/introvert S-N: Sensing/intuative T-P: thinking/feeling J-P: judging/percepting *16-17 Century:——-Essential Nature: Three Philosophies Thomas Hobbs (original Sin) – inherently selfish, egotistically, aggressive. Must be controlled by society Jean Jacque Rousseau (noble savage) – inherently good, selfless, altruistic. Corrupted by society. John Locke (tabla rasa, blank slate) – neither inherently good or bad. Shaped by society. *20 Century—–Each philosophy is going to influence a psychology (Personality Theory) Three Psychologies: Sigmund Freud (psychodynamic) – selfish, pleasure seeking, aggressive (Id). Controlled by internalized social constraints (superego) Carl Rogers (humanistic/ existential) – inherently good. Possess potential for positive growth. Basic needs not met. B.F Skinner (behaviorism) – neither good/bad. Shaped by experience, environment. Learning Sigmund Freud First comprehensive theory or personality dev. Three components: Personality structures – personality composed of 3 interacting elements. Biologically focused. Id – inborn selfish, self serving, aggressive, pleasure serving. Superego – Voice of conscience. Conflicts with Id–produces anxiety. Ego – Mediator between Id and Superego. Seeks to satisfy Id’s demands in a socially acceptable way. Reduce anxiety. Develops defense mechanisms. * Defense mechanisms – Ego and Id. Reduce tension or anxiety between the Id and Superego. Believed repression was the primary defense. Remove from conscious awareness deny existence of conflict. Developmental Stages __Anna Freud Focus on ego development. Focus on adaption to social world. Defense mechanisms facilitate social adaptation. Development of Ego Psychology – Focused on social relatedness as a motivator vs biological. Responsible for negotiating between individuals needs and outside world. *Success of defense mechanisms based on how well they work meeting needs. Adaptive vs. Maladaptive *#*# Ego Psychology – Basic Propositions: 1. Inborn capacity to function adaptively. Life long process of active adaptation to external envir. 2. Ego has autonomous functions within â€Å"conflict free zone†(interaction between individual and world). Ego mediates between the individual and the social world. __Heinz Hartman – Ego Psychology and the problem of Adaptation -Individual adapts to interactions with â€Å"real† world. Autonomous function of ego–Arise from evolution and enhances survival. >Process of Adaptation: Occurs in two domains: 1. Alloplastic Adaptation – change and choose environment. 2. Autoplastic Adaptation – change self to meet needs. __Erik Erikson – Identity and the life cycle. Epigenic Principle – development occurs in series of stages. Stages are universal. Stages unfold in pre-determined order. Each stage requires mastering of tasks. Life long process. Have cumulative effect. __Alfred Adler – â€Å"Individual Psychology†. Still considered psychodynamic. Develops as reaction to freud. Most influential unknown psychologist. Contributions: Positive psychology. Emphasis on: uniqueness of each person. Social/cognitive influences. *Active construction of self. -Based on four concepts: Striving for significance Private Logic Fictional Finalism Style of life -*-Striving for Significance – Perfection. Completeness. Self Actualization. Based on private logic and fictional finalism. Inborn sense of inferiority. Develop compensation. Failure to overcome results in inferiority complex (overcompensation). -*-Private Logic – emphasizing creative power of self. Suggest â€Å"self† is not passively determined. actively constructed. Function is served by fictional finalism and life style. -*-Fictional Finalism – future oriented. The goal towards which we strive. Exist subjectively. Goal is to satisfy striving for superiority. Individuals pursue goals through various behavioral choices. Each person develops unique patterns of behaviors.(style of life) -*-Life Style – Attempts to gain goal through various behavioral patterns/choices. Each person express striving different. Based on private logic and fictional finalism. Individually unique patterns of behaviors/responses.

Cyberbullying Essay: Define, Prevention and Effects

The model answer for  Cyberbullying Essay. Structure of Essay:Introduction –  Definition of Cyberbullying, instances, how cyberbullying begins, age group cyberbullying is most active.Effects of Cyberbullying –  Mental & Physical, Isolation, effect on friends and familyHow To Prevent Cyberbullying  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Steps to be taken by parents, school authorities, governmentConclusionCyberbullying Essayco.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/maxresdefault-2-1024x576.jpg" alt="Cyberbullying Essay" width="755" height="425" />What is Cyberbullying?1. IntroductionDefinition: Cyberbullying  is the act of bullying in the form of digital media or devices. It is a modern term for bullying, which emerged with the rise of the internet and mobile devices. Cyberbullying takes place on digital devices like cell phones, computers, and tablets. It can take the form of texts through SMSes, online chat forums, social networking sites and gaming forums. Acts such as posting, sending or sharing negative content that is harmful, mean or obscene, defines cyberbullying. Cyberbullying can also take the form of some illegal physical activities and unlawful behavior. The internet is the place where cyberbullying is most common. Social media sites like Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram, to name a few are the most common sites for cyberbullying. With the introduction of free messaging apps, the instances of cyberbullying have increased. The rampant use of mobile phones has brought cyberbullying at the tip of fingers and cyberbullies make use of these technologies to prey on potential victims.Examples and Instances of Cyberbullying:Born in 1996, Amanda Todd was like any other teenager with dreams and a fascination for the internet. She met a stranger online who flattered her and convinced her to go topless. The stranger took pictures of her and kept stalking here for several other shows. When she tried to fight back the photos were sent to her family and friends. After which, she was abused and disrespected in school by her friends. Going into major depression and anxiety, she tried taking her own life several times and finally succeeded. A month before she killed herself she released a video telling her story which became viral after her death and people realized how dreadful it was. This is a  prime example of how cyberbullying can destroy innocent.How Cyberbullying Begins:We live in a world dominated by technology and not only teenagers, but adults too are addicted to the use of electronic devices and the internet. The internet has played a major role in connecting the entire world and individuals from across the continents. Cyberbullying starts in the virtual world. The cyberbullies enjoy the anonymity and the infinite reach of the internet to prey on unsuspecting and potential victims. Once they get hold of something personal of the victim, they start to either blackmail or harass them.Age Group in Which Cyberbullying is Most Active:Victims of cyberbullying are most commonly from the age group of 12 to 18. Teenagers get attracted to the online glamour and the attention that they get from strangers. The virtual fandom is what they seek, and they tend to do things for gaining followers on social sites such as Facebook and Instagram. But older victims can get caught in it too. School students are easy to target, and if they have a bully within they school then, it becomes more difficult to escape the bullying.2. Effects of CyberbullyingMental And Physical Effects:Cyberbullying can result in increased distress for the victims along with increased anger and frustration. They will vent this out on various oc casions, and it might force them to get addicted to the virtual world where they can have several identities to hide their real one. The victims will automatically have lower self-esteem since that is the sole purpose of bullying. Prolonged bullying will lead to severe withdrawal from their family and friends. They will begin favoring isolation most of the time and indulging in harmful activities like drugs and alcohol.Feel Alone and Isolated:Most of the victims are forced to stay away from any and all social sites in a bid to escape the cyberbullies. They separate themselves to feel a sense of protection form the outer world. Most of the victims do not reveal anything to their parents or family members to disappoint them. To escape the bullies, they may try to change their schools or home, but they are hardly able to escape the clutches of the tormentors. Most of the time the victims would give up fighting the bullies and kill themselves to escape the pain and horrors of the continuous cyberbullying.Disinterested in Attending School:If a schoolmate bullies a  Ã‚  kid, then the first way for him to avoid the bullying is to stop going to school. He/she would choose to skip classes to escape the tormentors temporarily. The feeling of embarrassment and humiliation from the fellow students will prevent the kid to return to school and have a healthy school life. Their grades will start dropping, and most of the time they will drop out.Victims Might Get ill:Apart from the usual mental and physical effects of cyberbullying, it can take a toll on the health of the victim. Symptoms like headaches and stomach problems are very often seen in the victims. It can also result in issues that are caused due to stress like various skin conditions and stomach ulcers. Due to binge eating or skipping meals several weight issues can arise, and they might have to deal with insomnia and other sleeping disorders.3. How To Prevent Cyberbullying?Identify Victims:Identifying victims may be a challenge if they are introverts initially, but every victim leaves off some prominent clues to their condition and their troubles. Isolating oneself and staying alone is one such clue. If they seem to be depressed all the time or are usually anxious and angry, then it may signal that they are going through some form of bullying.Steps to be Taken by Parents and Family Members:The primary step is to prevent the kids from coming in contact with these harmful and dangerous predators that are always prowling about for a victim. Try to keep the computer in a common area and stay updated with all the latest websites and trends on the internet. Teach them about the internet and how to use it responsibly and safely. Communication is an essential step in getting to know about their situation. Talking to the child will help in building trust, and they will be more comfortable in sharing their troubles with the parents. Once they share what is happening, try not to overreact and blame them for the incident. Ask them to be strong and let them know that they will always have their parents by their side. Cyberbullying is an actual threat and not a childish thing. Realizing the gravity of the situation is important in solving it.Steps to be Taken Schools and Colleges:The faculties should be aware of any student showing the signs of being a bully or being bullied. If they have any concern, then they should delicately handle the situation and inform the authorities to take over the case. Schools should have counselors to assist the students and help them overcome any tough situation.Steps to be Taken as a Country and Laws Necessary:Laws against cyberbullying have been in place for quite some time though they were introduced after many such cases were highlighted. The rules are designed to protect the victim and keep the case information confidential. The law enforcement authorities should be proactive in the investigation of such a situation unlike in the Amanda Todd case where the police wer e slow in taking action and did not consider the matter important which ultimately cost the life of an innocent kid.  4. ConclusionCyberbullying is a serious issue, and it can be truly horrific to go through such a difficult period. Staying strong and fighting back is the only option against these bullies. It’s possible to get over it and live your life again. Seeing a counselor can help the victims handle the incident in a better and a safe way. Life does not get over if you are a victim of cyberbullying and it is possible to fight back.Statistics Regarding Cases of Cyberbullying:According to the US Department of Justice, in the year 2010 to 2011, 9% of the total students aged between 12 and 18 were cyberbullied. A survey conducted the year 2012; it was found that almost 55.2% of students belonging to the LGBTQ community were cyberbullied. Over the past years the rate of cyberbullying has increased, and in the year 2016, a survey found that the number of people who have faced cyberbullying at least once in their lifetime doubled from about 18% to nearly 34%. This is evidence of how rampant cyberbullying is becoming. By the year the percentage of high school students who were bullied had become 5%, and the percentage of middle school students who had become victims of cyberbullying was 24%. Through the help of several surveys, it was found that girls were targeted more than boys in cases of cyberbullying.

Food Marketing 'ethics' play in food marketing Assignment

Food Marketing 'ethics' play in food marketing - Assignment Example There is need for socially responsible business to strike a fine balance between its profit making goals as well as the need to protect the long term interests of their consumers and the environment. The concept of ethics usually involves conflicting interests whereby people can disagree about the right course of action in a given situation. Marketers are therefore re-examining their connections with social values and responsibilities for the social and environmental impact of their actions. Corporate ethics and social responsibility have become hot topics for every business and only a few misguided companies can ignore these issues. As such, this essay seeks to critically analyse the role played by ethics in the process of marketing food. This essay is divided into three sections and the first part is concerned with outlining what is considered to be the most important ethical issues currently facing the food retail industry while the second section is concerned with describing how Tesco is tackling the issue of ethics in food marketing. The third part will look at economic and social trends within the European Union (EU) which may pose a conflict to the consumers with regards to ethics in marketing of food. Section A In recent years, it can be noted that the concept of ‘ethics’ has played an increasing role in food marketing. ... n be described as the â€Å"essential and enduring tenets† that help define the company and are â€Å"not to be compromised for financial gain or short term expediency,† (DesJardins, 2006, p.5). Values are obtained from a cultural environment which is made up of institutions and other forces that affect the society’s basic values, perceptions, preferences and behaviour these beliefs incline us to act in one way rather than the other (Kotler & Armstrong, 2004). There are many types of values which include financial, political, historical as well as religious among others. In as far as marketing of food is concerned, ethics may relate to a number of areas, for example, the healthiness of food, the effect of the food chain on the environment, and social effects of the food chain such as worker employment conditions. There are many factors as going to be outlined below that are considered to be the most important ethical issues currently facing the food retail indust ry. It is the responsibility of the organisation to ensure that the food they sale does not endanger the health of consumers or others. There is need to ensure that the organisation observes the health needs of the targeted consumers in order for it to remain viable. Whilst companies are not charity organisations, they need to safeguard the interests of the consumers with regards to their health concerns. For instance, genetically modified organisms (GMO) can be used to make food. However, these have come under criticism as a result of their side effects on the consumers’ health. This is an issue of ethical concern given that the organisation in question will need to take the health interests of the people into consideration of which failure to do that will result in negative publicity of the organisation

Capter one question and chapter 6 Case Study (International Business) Essay

Capter one question and chapter 6 Case Study (International Business) - Essay Example These ventures are also subject to restrictions that are not found locally. You can expect to face four different types of risk during this proposed expansion. Cultural risks include unfamiliar ethics and negotiation styles, while commercial risks come from potentially weak international partners, as well as increased operational costs. Additional threats come from currency differences, and country risks that are closely tied to the national political system of each participating nation. I hope that you will research these factors prior to launching an international campaign. I am certain that you will come to understand the importance of altered strategy in international business endeavors, at which time I would be happy to offer further assistance should you desire. The assigned case presents the factors that have allowed Hyundai to become a leading force in the international automobile industry. They are introduced as one of the few auto businesses to maintain profits during the global financial crisis of the late 2000s. Several suggestions are offered to explain the success. The company benefits from local influences like the availability of skilled labor for low costs, and the advantage of a weak domestic currency that made international customers interested in their products. Demanding South Korean consumers also inspired a highly competitive local market that requires consistently high quality, exceptional customer experience, and regular innovations in order to compete. These standards contributed to the original success of Hyundai entering foreign markets. Another important influence is global integration achieved through diversifying the locations of operations, though this also presents the threat of excess capacity. Hyundai`s success is ultimately attributed to their determination to remain committed to growth despite external financial crises. 1. The local population provides

North Korea's threat to Peace and Stability Research Paper

North Korea's threat to Peace and Stability - Research Paper Example In the 1950, North Korea allied to the communist states and precisely, the U.S.S.R, then under the command of Joseph Stalin. Similarly, the republic of South Korea allied to the United States of America for protection and economic propulsion. The end of the Second World War marked the beginning of rivalry among communist and capitalist. Each group had different ideologies to development, leadership, and relations (Segell, 2005). The communist held tight fists on dictatorial regimes hoping, thus diminishing democracy to the lowest point, and undermining economic progression since most properties belonged to government, and there was no privatization whatsoever. North Korea desired to acquire the Southern country, and under the support of communist, the country invaded the South but foreign troops held it back (Kim, 2011). Thereafter, the country endeavored in militarizing the troops through the provision of mass destruction weapons, hoping to stand better chances against enemies. The following is an outline of the course to militarization, competing for supremacy, and threats to world peace in the country of North Korea. The course to militarization The family of Kim IL Sung has continuously indulged in armament of its troops through nuclear enrichments and provision of superior weapons. Further, the number of active arms total to more than a million out of a twenty two million-population count. This tally of officers represents 4.51% of the population, bearing in mind that almost all the citizens undergo military training. Therefore, North Korea is the first country in the world to militarize in relation to the population. At this point, advocacy for the acts of armament and nuclear development in the country remain a secret in the country’s heart of monarchical and dictatorial family of the Kim’s (Segell, 2005). Years after the Second World War, North Korea embarked on aggressions against neighbors, China, and South Korea. The country stands read y for any possible threats and challenges neighbors to war acrimonies by stressing on the urge to try military activities over their territories. The successions of Kim IL Sung and family lineage, over the leadership of North Korea to the current leader, Kim Jong-un tend to worsen the situation (Pak, 2000). Instead of defecting from their predecessors’ indulgence to nuclear armament, they enhance the projects. Militarization The state of North Korea produced weapons even at a time when famine befell the country for at least three years. During that famine period, estimations reveal that 800,000 to 1,300,000 citizens died of hunger whilst the country targeted military supremacy over the lives of the people. This occurred between 1994, and 1998 and the country’s leadership declined involvement of any humanitarian organization to the calamity, mentioning the strengths it had to tame the calamity. The country preferred military stability to economic, thus during the famine , the authorities did little to save the people, but ran expensive and intense nuclear programs at the time. The leader argued that, nuclear and weaponry stability was for the best interest of the entire nation. Initially, the United States of America assisted North Korea in eradication of a binding statute that deterred any nuclear operations in Korea. The US took the opportunity to acquaint southern and home country troops with nuclear weapons, while other nations declared the act as perpetrating

Meeting the need for large family homes in mixed tenure estates with Essay

Meeting the need for large family homes in mixed tenure estates with little equity and poor quality existing housing - Essay Example ew of this need, there is a greater challenge in meeting the need for large family homes in mixed tenure estates with little equity and poor quality existing housing. The Council has a plan of developing up to 365,600 houses by 2026 to address this problem having studied the current need and the population growth rate. In 2007, the UK government issued a policy statement on â€Å"Building a Greener Future† which envisioned the construction of zero carbon homes from 2016. The approach to zero carbon homes is based on the following key points: high energy efficiency, direct heat connection or minimal carbon reduction onsite and offsite solutions for countering other emissions. Birmingham City Council’s policy on housing regeneration and development finds its roots upon this reality. This calls for the development of housing plans that will ensure minimal environmental degradation. Buildings, according to government surveys, are responsible for up to 50% of UK’s carbon emissions and energy consumption with homes currently accounting for 27%. From these figures, it is beyond doubt that homes contribute significantly to global climate change. Energy consumption and carbon emission levels can significantly be reduced by making improvements to energy performance and utilisation in homes. This can also be reduced by installing efficient certified air conditioning systems in homes which should be regularly inspected to ensure they meet regulatory requirements. Heating water in tanks is known to greatly increase the amount of energy used in homes. Water heaters installed in homes should be instant (tankless) heaters as opposed to traditional heaters which have tanks. In general, families need to have awareness of how to use energy efficiently and by installing equipments which have automated control systems. During construction, design, and installation considerations must be taken into account. Only efficient models of heating equipments and energy consuming

How Free Trade Causes Development Research Paper

How Free Trade Causes Development - Research Paper Example drug barons, arms merchants, rackets bosses, Mafiosi, and other profiteers are emerging as the economic and political leaders of the social transformations underway in their respective societies.† (Buchanan, 2000, p.1) One of the criticisms leveled against free trade as it exists today is its affect on workers and consumers. Some believe that under this system, workers become helpless pawns of their capitalist masters, compelled to sell their labor power at sub-optimal costs. The only theoretical alternative they have to evading this exploitation is to become destitute, which is a far greater misery. Multi-national corporations (MNCs), which are the facade of free trade, are perceived as coercing citizens to unwillingly participate in the capitalist market system, while also leaving consumers with no choice but to buy their products. In the book titled Telling the Truth about History, author Joyce Appleby traces how MNCs came to be the dominant institutions of our age. Here, th e author makes some scathing observations about the nature of capitalist enterprise that is the back bone of prevailing free trade systems: â€Å"One of the distinguishing features of a free-enterprise economy is that its coercion is veiled. . . . The fact that people must earn before they can eat is a commonly recognized connection between need and work, but it presents itself as a natural link embedded in the necessity of eating rather than as arising from a particular arrangement for distributing food through market exchanges....† (Joyce as quoted in Levite, 2002, p.32) The free-trade system is also criticized for promoting 'wage-slavery', whereby human beings are reduced to mechanical automatons as they go through the drudgery of work each day. Here too, the slavery is not so much express... This paper stresses that while free trade has led to development in some countries, they have led to economic instability in others. What is most worrisome about free trade in the modern world is the vacuous nature of the term, as it is stripped of its substantive meaning. In other words, where there is conflict between the execution of this system in its ideal form and the consequences for major business corporations, it is always the interests of the latter that is looked after. This is nowhere more clearly visible than in the history of NAFTA. The terminology can be a little deceptive here, for despite claims of being a 'free-trade' agreement, it has many protectionist provisions in it. A brief survey of the effects of NAFTA on the general population reveals that American, Mexican and Canadian elites have seen most of its benefits. This report makes a conclusion that global free trade arrangements have failed to lead to uniform development. While there are obvious success stories like India, China and South East Asian bloc, much of the rest of the world has not benefitted. It is in response to these failures that the global solidarity movement has arisen. Centered on universal human challenges like poverty-reduction, access to basic healthcare, free education for all children, social welfare for the disadvantaged, etc, the global solidarity movement presents an alternative operative framework to the United States led global capitalist project. In a few decades time, it is plausible that this more pragmatic form of social organization might have quelled American hegemony in economic, cultural and political domains and might have eliminated the need for economic globalization.