How has leadership thinking evolved from traditional 'great man' Essay

How has lead thinking evolved from conventional massive man theories to more contemporary theories of leadership - Essay ExampleThe theories do non pursue a loyal sequential pattern, although the models may be grouped by era. Leadership has evolved through eras of the Great Man surmise, characteristic theory, behavioral theory, smirchal theories and contemporary theories. Great men theory suggests that some people were naturally born leaders. characteristic theory looks at the elements that are common among famous leaders. Behavioral theories assert that behaviors are the single most(prenominal) characteristic that makes up a leader. Contingency and situational models uphold that the interaction involving leaders characteristics and conduct and the situation at hand make the leader. Other contemporary theories focus on interpersonal elements that look at followership (Ballus, 2010, para 5). Great man theories/ Trait theories Trait theory was one of the systematic attempts to study leadership in the early 20th century. In the approach, traits of great leaders such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Winston Churchill were studies to determine what makes great leaders. The theories developed were referred to as great man theories as they focused on spotting the innate qualities and characteristics feature by political, social and military leaders. Prominent leaders traits greatly contribute to the trait theory such as Mahatma Gandhi, Bona subdivisione napoleon and Abraham Lincoln. It was widely believed that people intuitive with these qualities and that simply the great people stimulate them. Some of the traits put forward are such as intelligence, alertness, responsibility, insight, self confidence, soci exponent, motivation, persistence, initiative, tolerance, cooperativeness and drive. Others are such as cognitive abilities, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and social and emotional intelligence. In the mid 20th century, the trait theory of lead ership was questioned on the basis of universality of leadership traits. It was held that no consistent set of traits differentiated leaders from non-leaders in an assortment of situations. A person with leadership traits in one circumstance may not be a leader in another situation (Daft, 2008, p 22). Behavioral theories The limited ability of traits to forecast effective leadership led researchers to review a persons behavior quite than personal traits as a means of increasing leadership effectiveness. Behavioral theories proponents believed that leaders may tumesce be identified by what they do rather than what they have. Certain behaviors such as the degree of flexibility, extent of control, concern for task accomplishment and concern for the followers determine the kind of leadership to exercise. For instance, McGregor held that leaders call subordinates depending on the postulations they hold with regard to what energizes workers. In his theory X, McGregor presents a pessim istic view of workers whilst theory Y presents a fairly optimistic view of human nature. Leaders who subscribe to theory X deem that workers need to be controlled and threatened to make them work, which results in adoption of an autocratic style of leadership. Theory Y style of a leader believes that workers are rational people who consider work as part of everyday life. As such, the leader uses a participative/democratic style of leadership. Leader attributes in behavioral theories morphed from intrinsical to particular and teachable. Apparently, leadership styles could be learned as behavioral theorists created training programs. Behavioral theor

Logistics and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Logistics and Operations Management - Essay ExampleReplacement Costs on the mature due to poor lumberQuality CostsCost of confinePrevention cost allow in Quality purposening and Engineering, New mathematical product review, Product and process design, Process encounter, Cost of Burn in tests, Quality training and workforce development.Appraisal costs include Testing and Inspection.Cost of Failure of controlInternal failure costs include Scrap, Rework, Retest, Failure Analysis, down time, Yield losses and down grading. foreign failure costs include Warranty Charges, Complaint adjustment, Returned product/material and Liability costs.Q2. In setting of your response to part 1 and your experience in Aerials, i. Propose and explain what options a clientele and/or a supply chain has to cope with fluctuating demand. Options1. Make or Buy finishsThe most favorite decision that a Business takes to cope with the fluctuating demand is whether to Make or Buy. A business must analyze t heir various costs of achievement involved in producing a product and par it with cost of buying the product from an external supplier. If the cost of buying is little than cost of producing the product, then companies preempt opt for buying the product. This could be extended to each phase of the production cycle. 2. Forecasting DemandCompanies plan and forecast the demand according to the future needs of the market. Forecasting demand assists in decision do with respect to investment in plant and machinery, market planning and future sales. Some of the favorite promise methods includeTime series methodsJudgmental TechniquesCausal methods (Econometric forecasting)3. Quality managementCompanies strive to achieve tonicity standards like ISO 220002005, Six sigma, Deming awards...A business must analyze their various costs of production involved in producing a product and compare it with cost of buying the product from an external supplier. If the cost of buying is less than co st of producing the product, then companies can opt for buying the product. This could be extended to each phase of the production cycle.Companies plan and forecast the demand according to the future needs of the market. Forecasting demand assists in decision making with respect to investment in plant and machinery, market planning and future sales. Some of the popular forecasting methods includeCompanies strive to achieve timbre standards like ISO 220002005, Six sigma, Deming awards etc. Total quality management along with Japanese techniques is widely practiced ensuring the continuous delivering of quality products. Nowadays a product without quality cannot exist in the market i.e. if a company is surviving, then quality is inbuilt. Quality forms the root word of survival of a company or a business nowadays. Quality audits and a lot of quality management practices are a means to ensure that the customer receives good quality product.Inventory control is a planned approach of det ermining what to order, when to order and how to order and how much to stock so that costs associated with buying and storing are optimal without interrupting production and sale

Difference between rationalism and empiricism Essay

Difference between rationalism and charlatanism - Essay ExampleRationalist believe that truth exists and rational and logic commode grasp truth. empiricism Empiricism is a Greek Philosophy Empiricism is a school of thought which bases on experience for fellowship This philosophy establishes that sensory experience is the sole way to pass acquaintance Empiricism is related to the real(a) world and phenomenon of universe. Empiricism is related to posteriori knowledge which means knowledge motivation experience. Empiricism explains that all human beings ideas are based on some outward experience Empiricsim is a psychological thought. Empiricism is philosophic theory which believe on intelligent assessment of things in universe Empiricist believe that knowledge is gained though experience and not by innate ideas. Plausibility of the theories rationalism - rationalism is a theory which is based on logic or rational. It is right that logic is predisposed with us who open us th e ability to record between right and wrong. If a person does not spend a penny logic then it is not potential for him to evaluate experience or gain knowledge. However, logic itself cannot utilize knowledge, as human being is complaisant beings some kind of experience can spot our knowledge level. The strength of this philosophy is universal and undying which means that if one person can call back then all others can as well. Rationalism makes us independent because we dont need experience from outside to increase our knowledge. This philosophy believes in innate ideas and hence is natural and pure. The weakness of this philosophy is that only by thinking one cannot gain knowledge. For example We can imagine of a strawberry of how it would envision like but we can never think of it taste. This is because our brain does not have the faculty to give sense of taste of aching which we never... Rationalism -Rationalism is a theory which is based on logic or rational. It is right that logic is predisposed with us who give us the ability to understand between right and wrong. If a person does not have logic then it is not possible for him to evaluate experience or gain knowledge. However, logic itself cannot give knowledge, as a human being is social beings some kind of experience can complete our knowledge level. The strength of this philosophy is universal and eternal which means that if one person can think then all others can as well. Rationalism makes us independent because we dont need experience from outside to increase our knowledge. This philosophy believes in innate ideas and hence is natural and pure. The weakness of this philosophy is that only by thinking one cannot gain knowledge. For example, We can imagine of a strawberry of how it would look like but we can never think of its taste. This is because our brain does not have the faculty to give a sense of taste of aching which we never experienced.Empiricism -The main strength of empiricism is that it believes that knowledge can come only through experience which is obtained through sensory organs. We learn from scientific methods and experiments and gain knowledge more and more. According to this philosophy, the best way to understand things is to see with the eyes. The second strength of empiricism is that it gives observational reasoning. Here the past experience and observation contribute to the gaining of knowledge.

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literature Review - Essay ExampleIt was possibly the only when memorise which was conducted to trace the transportation, occurrence in the environment and the ultimate end result of these chemicals, especially harmonically active chemicals that significantly stimulate physiological response in human-beings.The study had selected 95 organic sewer water contaminants or OWC from the US streams that were observed to be the most damaging to the environment and to the health and survival of human-beings. The study had some startling results that showed the serious lapses on the pop out of the industries and pharmaceutical companies who were not effectively treating their effluents for the dangerous chemicals that were allowed to be passed onto the streams whose water was being used by the population at large. Indeed, the presence of many of these potentially terminal and active chemicals in the water pose serious threat to the health of the masses and needs to be addressed at the earl iest.The scientists concern is genuine and reiterates that the conservation and preservation of natural resources are important part of population dynamics as its sustenance depends on the available resources. The population growth has brought into focus the unfreeze of sustainable development that promotes maintenance of ecosystem that facilitates a continuous supply of natural resources like safe crapulence water, clean air, energy and food with proper waste disposal system. The wide ramification of science and engineering are both good and dangerous and therefore, they must be tempered with conscious efforts towards environment conservation and preservation.Kolpin, Dana W. Furlong, Edward T. Meyer Michael T. Thurman, E. Michael Zaugg, Steven D. Barber, Larry B. Buxton, Herbert T. (2002).Pharmaceuticals, Hormones, and Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants in U.S. Streams, 1999-2000 A National Reconnaissance. Journal of Environment Science and

Final Exam - Marketing Audit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Exam - Marketing Audit - Research writing ExampleThe lodge revolutionized the concept of computing by introducing iPhone, iTune, and iPods to customers. 2.0 Answer 1 My impression about the company before visiting orchard apple trees stash away was dependent on various factors like intersection point quality, state of art technology they offer. I am impressed with the Stylish increase line much(prenominal) as iPhone, iPad and iTune offered by the company. Before visiting the store I thought of purchasing stylish result like iPhone from the store. 3.0 Answer 2 My impression about the company has changed after visiting their store. I am amazed with the staff fashion and their gross revenue service. I am in like manner impressed with the banners and designs they use (part of sales promotion) to attracts customer. Before visiting the store I was only thinking about their product quality simply now I believe Apple has achieved market leadership due to their customer friend ly behavior and superior sales service. Sales person of the company helped me to understand unique benefits of iPhone 5 (product I am planning to purchase). Sales person told me that iPhone 5 is 20% lighter, 18% thinner than previous iPhone models. I am rede their staffs to visit Apples facebook page in order to join their community. Community rank and file will help me to get latest news and updates of from Apple. Overall impression about the company has changed from safe to excellent after visiting Apples store. ... Staffs of the shop gave me highest priority when I visited their store. They also advised me to contact immediately for any kind of product related problems. I left the shop with a big smile complemented with satisfaction. 5.0 Answer 4 I have observed that management style of Apple has motivated the retail store to present their product in innovative manners. During product presentation staffs were attempt to discuss minute details with customers. I have also obser ved that management of the retail store gives importance on creating systematic operational structure. Staffs have treated me with utmost importance and during my stay in the shop I have not observed any kind of chaos or reasonless behavior from the staffs. Each of the staff is well trained and knows very well how to handle customers. I am impressed with the systematic management functions of Apple store. 6.0 Answer 5 Sales staff of the store helped me to demand right iPhone model suiting in accordance to product specification I mentioned to them. I purchased the product after hour long discussion with the staff of the store about various application of iPhone. I have also visited other parts of the store to go through various items like iPod, iTV and iTune offered by the company and each of the time I was welcomed by warm smile by staffs. Staffs of the store also helped me to understand various customer trueness schemes offered by the company and gave me advised to select right loyalty program in accordance to my personality. I have thoroughly experienced the buying process during my conk visit to Apple store (Noh, 2008, p. 14). 7.0 Answer 6 I have registered to membership program intentional by Apple stores for their customers. I have purchased

Personality Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Personality Development - Essay ExampleAdler developed the concept of the inferiority complex, which impacts on the youngsters self-esteem and the harmful physical effects it may have on the person. Sometimes a kidskins negative perception of himself may have the opposite effect of superiority as the sister seeks to assert himself by compensating on those aspects he perceives himself as capable of.In the case of the child who is acting out, the child may be compensating for a need he lacks satisfaction in. Most likely, the child is seeking attention for which he resorts to behaviour he knows entrust be met with disciplinary action, but which will at least provide him the attention he craves. One way to assist the child is to outpouring him the attention he needs, but not in a manner that conveys tolerance of misdeeds. The child should be afforded sufficient quality time where he may express his thoughts and ideas, be given guidance, and confront his fears and insecurities. Adler s techniques alone, as with any body of knowledge, will not be sufficient in working with the client, because there may be different reasons for the childs acting out, including illness. Each situation should be approached one after another and addressed on its own merits, with the theories of Adler employed as a useful guide.According to my MBTI assessment, I am a moderately expressed introvert with a moderately expressed sensing personality. I in any case have a slightly expressed feeling personality with a moderately expressed judge personality, according to the assessment. By virtue of my profile, I have been classified as an ISFJ personality type. Because the results are for the most part moderate, I have no major disagreements with these findings, particularly since, according to the assessments linked services, I am suited to a career in education and social services, which are indeed

Money,Banking&Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Money,Banking&Finance - Essay ExampleThe present prices of the mystifys would help in the use of the market rate of interest, or the price that would be paid for the use of the money for a stop consonant of prison term. There exists a functional relationship between the rate of interest and the time of the bonds. The term social organisation of interest rate or the yield bow shows the relationship between the rate of interest and the yields of the bonds with the ground to maturities. The curve is a representation of the variant opportunities that may exist for the arbitrage as well as the expectation of the markets about the interest rates that may prevail in prox. Interest Rates speckle carrying out the analysis of the yield curve it is essential to know the components of the nominal interest rates. This equation shows that the true rate of interest represented by r is the main component of the rate of interest. On the new(prenominal) hand, sigma is the risk agiotage th at is being added to the rate of interest which is open to fluctuations due to various yetts. On the former(a) hand, ? is the representative of the rate of inflation while l is the component that would capture the liquidness. The various financial markets would support bonds and other long term instruments that would be offering a variety of interest or the rates of return (Kettell, 2001, pp. 19-26). The premium is the representation of the consumer behaviour that would depict that the consumers would be unwilling to hold that particular summation class. The following diagram shows the break-up of the various components of the rates of interest. The loans that are provided for the long term cost higher because the premium for liquidity would increase with the increase in the tenure of the bonds. The people would always want to hold liquidity at the present period of time rather than a later period. The opportunity cost of property the money in the hand would be less in the pres ent period as compared to the future period. buffer Curve The yield curve is drawn from the yield to matureness of the bonds. The yield to maturity (YTM) is considered to be the approximate value of the rate of interest for a particular term to maturity of a bond. The various points of the terms to maturity and the corresponding yields to maturity are plotted on a plane and the curve that is fitted along these points is known as the yield curve. The following diagram is an example of a yield curve. In the plane the vertical axis measures the yield of the bonds and the horizontal axis measures the term to maturity of the bond. Figure 1 Yield curve The yield curve thus summa parents yield of the different bonds that are being traded on a particular date. The yields or the different tenors in such cases may be different. The yield of a bond is the unique rate at which the cash flows that is provided by a bond is discounted. Thus even though the accrual of the cash flows are taking pla ce at the different points in time the rate at which it is taking place is the same (Rossi, 2007, pp. 225-241). This rate is known as the yield to maturity of the bonds. In most cases the interest rates are considered to be fixed for the entire tenor. This would give rise to a flat yield curve as shown in the diagram below. Throughout the tenure of the bond the rate of interest that has been offered in case of this yield curve is 3.5%. Figure 2 Flat Yield Curve The

Creating an Effective Aviation Safety Management System Program Research Paper

Creating an Effective Aviation Safety Management System Program - Research base ExampleFor a start, a Safety Management Systems (SMS) is a framework, which is principally formal and systematically indicates how to proactively let out risks and hazards before they eventually happen and become a big consideration to an organization (Shappel & Wiegmann, 2000). With the worldwide moving in changes and the development of the modern organization, it has manakin of become a regulation that before any company or business organization is legally considered safe for operation, there be a stated safety care system as a form of a reassurance that the risks that might be experienced by individuals objet dart working for the organization are well informed to the management and that they are ready to mitigate. There truly are legal provisions and government recommendations and framed mechanisms to guide organizations on how to set their safety goals, intent for them, and measure the perfor mance of the system (McDonald, Corrigan, Daly, & Cromie, 2000). Implicatively, an SMS is part and parcel of any given organization and in fact, defines the kind of operation and association the organization has and therefore every employee within the organization holds the responsibility of enforcing the frameworks for the well cosmos of the business operations for the organization (Shappel & Wiegmann, 2000). In the aviation application, SMS is a global standard that every industry player has to meet before they are officially licensed to operate and is closely monitored by global authorities.

Two World Wars of the 20th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Two World struggles of the twentieth Century - Essay ExampleAs the report declares World War I was immediately triggered by the assassination of the Crown Prince to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. Serbia wanted to be independent from Austria-Hungary and saw the assassination as a way to put their message across. When Austria-Hungary and its German colleague attacked Serbia in retaliation, the latters Russian ally came to the rescue together with their allies Britain and France. World War II was like a continuation of the unfinished business of World War I where Germany aimed at strengthening its hold on Europe by having a large Empire under its control. Its ambition for world domination thwarted by their loss in 1918, Germany began building up its armed forces and its array power under the guidance of misguided politicians with grand ambitions. This paper stresses that both wars featured heavy casualt ies beca example of the use of technology. While the wars in previous centuries were marked by battles of mass troop formations, the two world wars became the research lab for weapons of mass destruction in the form of poison chemical gases, landmines, explosive projectiles that were created to inflict death or serious injury from remote locations, ar more thand vehicles that could carry troops and ammunitions across great distances, and in japan in 1945, the use of atomic weapons that claimed many civilian casualties and that flattened two cities.World War I affected a few countries, mostly in Europe. On the side of the Allies were Britain, France, and Russia, but there were troops from the United States, Australia, northern Africa, and Eastern Europe. The Axis powers were Germany, Austro-Hungary, and Italy. World War II affected more countries with the entry of Japan as one of the Axis powers carrying the war to island nations in the Pacific and the Asian continent. The invasio n on world

RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE & COMMUNITY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE & COMMUNITY - try on Examplend methods to use to reach their end in their faith, while in a itsy-bitsy tradition, the practitioners are limited to each opposite and the knowledge that has been passed down from one mortal to an some other.A patriarchal example between the two traditions can be seen in Catholicism, the difference between the Pope and the other followers of the religion. The Pope has studied it in the sense of the greater tradition - through books, training, and practice the other practitioners, the ones that attend the church are those that practice the little tradition. The Pope practices Catholicism the way it was intended to be practiced, yet the church-goers do what can be informally considered second best. There are those liquid that do not attend a church, but practice in the ways that they were taught by others, by traditions passed down to them. The differences lie with the clergy, the smaller groups, and the individuals.As there is v ery little distinction between the various ways that Catholicism can be practiced, even between the Pope and individuals of society, there is hardly a noticeable effect. Each person and each group practices how they are able to in a way, changing the traditions is necessary, as it allows each person or each group to fully understand the finer points of their religion. slightly people would not get out of books what the Pope is able to, so they work with what they have an easier m understanding.In the same sense, the changes are good - they help to bring people closer to that religion. When a person realizes that cannot achieve something one way, they improvise with another way that they are comfortable with. Many religions are rarely what they had originally been, owing to the fact that not everyone was fortunate enough to study it in the great tradition, so they resorted to what they

The Experience of Music Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 131

The Experience of Music Business - seek ExampleThe distribution of roles was necessary in helping us achieve the goals. According to Schneeman (2013) it is important for duties and roles of individually partner to be well defined while starting a credit line partnership. They should be include in the partnership totment. If roles and duties are not well stipulated, partnership conflicts can easily arise Gitman and McDaniel (2008) As mentioned earlier, when we started the employment, we all had different ideas before settling for the music business. The most outstanding challenge was to decide and agree on the kind of business we were going to focus on. One of the team members who are the music manufacturing business was able to convince us into music business by giving us an analysis of the market. former(a) team members were doing the same for their business ideas, at the end we all agreed to do the music business as for each one member of the team can contribute with past exp erience and it was the best business to apply the theory of bootstrapping. We had to go through three meetings to finally agree on the business, plan it and consider the costs. According to Clifford and Warner (2012) each partner has different priorities and personalities. It will take compromise from each another(prenominal) for this to work.The other challenge faced was effective communication within the team members. According to Norman, (2003), communication is very critical in any business and business partners as well. At the first meeting some were whimsy nervous to share ideas as some of the team members were new. Furthermore, due to the difference in characteristics and background that each member has, in the beginning, I was shy and did not express my ideas and concerns.

Chocolat Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chocolat - Movie Review Examplens for its spread in the integral community and would give people something to cherish and enjoy in a strictly held environment of unearthly associations. The timing of the mega event is of high significance and it is related and dropped at a time that coincides with the local regions religious beliefs. The two chose Easter Sunday for the festival which is the last thing the mayor and other opponents of the whim could have expected. The coffee bean coated kernel in the movie The movie is indication and message conveyer of empathy and love and cherishing the moments and living the action as it should be lived. The entire idea astir(predicate) the candy store and chocolate business is to bring about joy and happiness in the lives of people of the incumbent decree who are pressed by the cave man in the name of theological beliefs imposed on them in form of orthodox social factors. The coining in of the chocolate concept drives it softer to dige st and leaves an impact in a gentle way. While the mayor and other officials are skeptical of the entire idea, the locals receive the entire idea warmly and see it as a breath of fresh air in an environment and baseball club that was restricted previously in the name of religious practices. It is the strong presence of chocolate and its ability to make way and find place in the hearts of people of the local moving picture that its practices and confectionery exertion is allowed. This very act sets the precedence for more relaxation and more power and exemption of people in the society which was a scarcity in past and people had to live low curbed circumstances. Directors cut Lasse Hallstrom has lived up to his name and has delivered what he is expected of and is known for. With this movie and deliverance he has lengthened his legacy as one of the fine... The movie is indication and message conveyer of empathy and love and cherishing the moments and living the life as it should b e lived. The entire idea about the confectionery and chocolate business is to bring about joy and happiness in the lives of people of the incumbent society who are pressed by the recluse in the name of theological beliefs imposed on them in form of orthodox social factors. The coining in of the chocolate concept makes it softer to digest and leaves an impact in a gentle way.It is the strong presence of chocolate and its ability to make way and find place in the hearts of people of the local scene that its practices and confectionery operation is allowed. This very act sets the precedence for more relaxation and more power and freedom of people in the society which was a scarcity in past and people had to live low curbed circumstances.The script conveys a loud message in a very subtle way and by the most feasible and flexible tool of confectionery that hits the sense of taste in the sweetest of manners. It has pointed out to a old custom that was oppressive and against the nature o f free society and free people, yet the message has been conveyed in the most harmonized manner without hurting anyones feelings.The director has various other movies and fine pieces under his belt which make him the established, renowned for his artistic work in cinematic corridors. The movie is well dour and structured in bits. Each segment complements other in its own way, while the first leg is a build up and relatively slow, second is well carried along and the third is relatively exuberant paced as per need since it had more activity to it.

Expectancy Violation Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Expectancy Violation Theory - Essay ExampleAs people communicate, they create expectations on how the receiver or others will react to what they say. The rape of such expectations leads to a negative or verifying perception.Expectancy violation theory values personal space as it is described as the boundary that individuals lay aside and freedom is given to those people who ar close. People expect personal space with those they interact with and as per the shared congenership. Because of this, people tend to protect their personal space in events that they experience a violation in the expected behavior.Moreover, the expectancy of people is determined by many factors that influence the personal space. For instance, interactant characteristics are a factor that determines the expectancy in people. They include age, sex, and personality traits that one may poses. Interpersonal characteristics in like manner determine it, and they include the family relationship between the speak er and the receiver. Lastly, the environment plays a role in relation to cultural influence and social situations. The above factors influence the interaction of individual, which influence the relationship they will establish.One typeface to describe the expectancy violation theory is when one expects a gym instructor to be gross and harsh. This will make one chilly and would minimize interaction and even leave going to the gym. However, the relationship will be established when one finds out that the gym instructor is calm and gently behaves. The arcminute example is about two students who write.

Global warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Global melting - Essay ExampleResearchers take aim warned that if the globular nimbleing onus is not contained, then life will be virtually impossible in the next third decades to come. As a result, urgent action to mitigate the worldwide warming effect is in the offing. This sermon explores the global warming as an environmental issue in light of the situation, consequences, and solution. The paper will shut by providing recommendations for the world leaders. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 military post 4 Effects of Global Warming 6 Solution 7 Conclusion and Recommendation 7 References 8 Global Warming Introduction Stoyles, Pentland, and Demant (2003) argue that climate switch over is one of the most impress environmental problems facing the world today. Environmentalists have shown that no planet or country is spared of the devastating cause of climate change. The climate change has mainly been blamed on the global warming effects. Maslin (2007) n oted that the change in climate being witnessed in the world today is attributed to the high-spirited emissions of greenhouse gases that cause global warming. Scientists have shown that greenhouse gases produced from fossil fuels once released to the atmosphere blocks the ozone layer thereby resulting in global warming (Maslin 2007). The impacts of global warming are a big problem to the world today. ... Situation The world is abject from the devastating effects of climate change. The problem is attributed to global warming that has seen the planets average temperatures warm up at an alarming rate. Several studies indicate that the last two decades have been the hottest in quatern millennia. The global warming problem has resulted in extreme weather patterns, including strong tropical storms, wildfires, prolonged drought, acclivitous sea levels and heat waves just to name but a few (Natural Resources Defense Council, 2012). In fact, the global warming menace has made prediction of weather patterns extremely challenging for weathermen today. According to Ploutz (2011), the level of greenhouse, emissions have addd by at least 70% between 1970 and 2004 due to human activities. This huge increase in pollutants has caused a very big problem to the planets natural temperatures. The level of one C dioxide emissions, for example, has increased by over 80% during the same period. Union of Concerned Scientists (2013) noted that the society is emitting more(prenominal) carbon into the atmosphere more than oceans and plants can absorb. According to Shah, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is currently about 385 parts per million (PPM) and keeps increasing by about 2 PPM annually due to the excessive burning of fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas and burning of forests (Ploutz, 2011). The point of no return, according to experts is 450-500 PPM. This implies that we are left by only about three decades before it becomes extremely difficult to breathe natural air. Despite the fact that this may sound a long time, so umpteen people will still be alive by that time. Another report by the Intergovernmental embellish on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007 projected

Case assignment for sport facilities and venues Study

Assignment for sport facilities and venues - Case Study ExampleThe dilemma being face up by Atkins is similar to the one faced by many expanding business organisations that is to decide whether or not expand their trading operations beyond a certain point in terms of court and profitability. ... This maturation seasonal demand versus the diminishing capacity is an operational challenge at Golden Shores.The problem form that this demand is not permanent or steady through out the year.The aim would thus be for a profit sustainable methodology to apply to the capacity planning decision that faced operations management for the tennis facilities.Some statistical calculationsNext pertaining to the query about the number of tennis courts which pass on be needed in July 2004 and its comparison to the present capacity as well as the fashion ahead for the planning for the next season in terms of capacity by Ms Atkins it is viable to show the following workings.These workings take into account the peak months of usage as well as the past use of the facility.The rate at which the demand is increasing and the cost of utilising 100% capacity of from each one court alongwith tariff management.It can be seen from Exhibit 3 that July and August are the peak months for leaf node nights with the total court hours peaking to 2885 hours.The factors or the formula I would suggest for Ms Atkins would be to focus on capacity decisions which determine other measures of service management such as productivity, growth, change, and competition.GS tennis courts will train to as a part of the service industry provide services as and when they are demanded because it cannot be inventoried.The cost would the demand variability which will lead to alternating periods of idle service workers or facilities and consumer waits. This cost has to be subtracted as a trade off to the cost of idle resources versus consumer retention since a displease consumer base is likely to hurt the long- term profits and

Federal Republic Essay Example for Free

Federal Republic EssayFirst , there was a Indias Ninth Five-Year Plan projects generation of 54 million new occupations during the Plan period (1997-2002). But exertion has always fallen short of target in the past, and few believe that the current Plan entrust be able to meet its target. The Indian youth also get problems in finding job If the unemployment rate observed during 1993-94 continues, the number of un employ youth in terms of usual status was of 6. 2 million in 2001 . ( Pravin Visaria 2000n. p. )Indias labor force is growing at a rate of 2. 5 per centum annually, but employment is growing at only 2. 3 per cent. Thus, the country is faced with the challenge of non only absorbing new entrants to the job market (estimated at seven million people both year), but also clearing the backlog. Sixty percent of Indias workforce is self-employed, many of whom endure actually poor. or so 30 per cent are casual workers (i. e. they work only when they are able to get j obs and remain unpaid for the rest of the days).Only about 10 per cent are regular employees, of which two-fifths are employed by the public sector. Now, the Indian economy starts recovering but the its hard to say that unemployment exit be eliminated soon. In the table below the expected level of employment till 2012 is given(which is a very low one). Population and Labour Force 1997 2012 (million 1st April) 1997 2002 2007 2012 Population 951. 18 1028. 93 1112. 86 1196. 41 Labor Force 397. 22 449. 62 507. 94 562. 91The growing unemployment in India caused a dissever of trouble what has been worsening the economical situation since 1980s. It produces the hole in the turnover of the goods as people enkindlet buy the necessary quantity of products not having enough earnings. Political instability in the new 1980s and oil price shocks resulting from the Persian Gulf War (1991) led to an economic crisis in former(a) 1991, but swift reform measures taken by the newly elected govern ment proved highly successful. Inflation declined from 13.1% in 1991 and 1992 to 8. 6% in 1993 and 1994.However, inflation stood at 14% in 1998. So, as we see, such concern as unemployment influences a lot the whole economical picture of the country. Besides, person that is out of functional cant develop himself and that reflects in a considerable way in the demographic organise of the country. All over the world history the notion of unemployment is associated with the crisis in the economy of any country.Biblioghraphy. 1. No author. 2005. Of economies policies http//www.ilo.org

Video games rivalry Essay Example for Free

Video games rivalry EssayIntroduction The video games constancy faces an entirely reinvigorated rivalry situation. After 11 years of leadership, Sony has nearly lost its strong positions on the market, which gives the other both players Microsoft and Nintendo the chance to compete for the leadership. While the goal of Nintendo is to stay in the fabrication, Sony and Microsoft aim to strengthen their positions on the situation entertainment market, which is uniformly growing.The key factors, the companies need to consider in lay to gain a private-enterprise(a) advant eld, be good marketing and well developed distribution, as well as providing a massive range of games with recognizable characters. As the market segmentation increases, it is of crucial importance to put an emphasis upon the refreshing target groups and reqruit as many an(prenominal) refreshed players as possible. However, there are in like manner a parcel out of factors outside and inside the per severance, which play a study role and have to be considered in order to become a better idea of the state of the indus purify, and to estimate its profitability and tendency of growing.Summary of macro-environmental synopsis Stricter legislation both advantageous and disadvantageous for the video games industry is expected. As governments become more than touch about the increasing violence among teenagers the control of video games content is strengthened. On the other hand the laws against piracy aim to reduce the number of the illegaly copied games. With the rise of the prices of everyday goods, petrol, etc. , while salaries dont go up as fast, the disposal income declines and for many entertainment becomes a luxury good. People are non willing to spend as much on it as they used to.However, as the average age of the video games players goes up, there are more players with own incomes, who are able to buy more games. The industry is expexted to grow collect to the fact th at, as surveys of the NPD Group show, kids spend more sequence play and the hard-core gamers spend an avegare of 45 hours per week contend video games. On the other hand the growth prospecst are dampened by the increasing concerns of the parents about their children being too inactive and spending more time playing video games than playing sports or taking part in other activities.However, there is also a tendency of video games being increasingly regarded as an entertainment for the whole family. The future growth of the industry is theratened by the declining birthrates. Teenagers are the main consumer and less teenagers in the future means less games sold. This effect is paying(a) by the fact that the avarage age of the video games players goes up. Video games reach a broader audience and more adults and even so elderly people start playing.The technological progress is beneficial for the growth of the industry as the the producers are able to constantly improve the quality of the games and include new-fangled features and functions to the consoles. However, this causes full(prenominal)er follows and also the time needed to develop a new game grows. The growing awareness of environmental issues has also an concussion on the video games industry. The implementation of eco-friendly technologies and the constant growth of energy prices cause an increase in the cost for manufacturing of the consoles and the DVDs.Overall, the video games industry is expected to grow faster than average industry growth rates, particlularly due to the socio-cultural trends and the constant technological progress. Summary of industry analysis Due to a range of factors, which mould it difficult for a new company to take part in the video games industry, the threat of new entrants is low. First of all, the industry is characterized by huge ecomonies of scale, as the producers need to sell great numbers of games in order to mark a profit.Second, the capital requirements ar e very superior because of the increasing costs of games development and consoles manufacturing. It is also dearly-won for the customers to switch to a new producer, because this would mean they have to buy a new console. Suppliers pose a medium level of threat. The main reason is the crucial importance, which their stimulant has for the final product. Also the costs for the input are high relatively to the total purchase. However, the denseness of the suppliers is relative low as they are many video games publisher but just three producers of consoles.Threat of forward integration exists as well, due to the fact that nearly of the big publishers of video games have the ressources to try to enter the industry. Although there are some substitues for video games and the differentiation is fairly low, buyers dont have a lot of bargaining military force. Their concentration relative to the industry is low and they have to face high costs if they want to switch to virtuoso of the s ubstitutes (buy a computing device for example). To have the newest console or play the latest games is considered to be a sign on of coolness at school, so strong incentives for buying exist.The power of substitutes is considered to be low to medium. The biggest threat comes from computer games. Due to the fact that almost every family possesses at least one computer, computer games are a cheaper alternative to video games as one doesnt have to buy the console. However, the lack of multiplayer function impairs their perfomance, especially when video games are regarded as a family or group activity. The switching costs are high as well and the buyer propensity to switch is fairly low, particularly for buyers, who are addicted to playing video games.The video games industry is charaterized by medium rivalry, which is getting more intense lately. The industry grows belatedly as they are three establishes players, that compete among each other and every one of them try to surpass t he others and become the market leader. The rivalry is enchanced by the low level of product differentiation and the high fuck off costs of the manufacturing of the consoles. However, the rivalry is reduced by 2 major factors the switching costs for the buyers are high and there is a lack of understanding of the technological differencies of the consoles, because of their complexity.As a result of the stage of these tail fin forces in video games industry, the industry is considered to show a relatively high level of profitability. Interconnections and interrelationships between the two analyses There are several interconnections between the macro-environmental analyse and the industry analyse that can be found. in the main the macro-environmental trends have an impact on the forces, which determine the profitability of the industry.Sticter regulation of the video games content limits the scope of games a new company can present to the market while trying to enter the industry an d make this more difficult for them. The increasing licensing fees for the exclusive rights to intellectual property of media companies or sport organisations are addtitional obstracles for accounting entry the industry as they enhance the capital requirements. Economical factors such as decreasing disposalble income have also an impact. People start searching for cheaper substitutes so the power of substitutes for video games grows.The bargaining power of buyer becomes higher(prenominal) as well, as buyers condition their purchases on the price-performance ratio of the product. As the number of video games players goes up, the demand for a larger library of games rises. This leads to an increase in the power of suppliers due to the fact that the producers need them to develop more new games and develop them faster. With the rapid advance of new technologies it is to be expexted that new substitutes for video games will be introduced to the market for enertainment in the near futur e.Thus, the power of substitutes will rise, as well as the bargaining power of buyers. The growing rivalry in the video games industry prompts the companies to improve their products, sell them cheaper and expand their target group. As a result video games become amore attractive kind of entertainment for a broader audience. Recommendations With the competition in the video games industry getting more intense, the next steps of the players become of crucial importance for their arrangement on the market.Due to the low product differentiation, the next market leader will be the syllabus provider that manages to offer much more different gaming experience. Furthermore the extra features of the consoles have to be further developed, as the producers aim to establish the consoles as the central tool for any kind of folk entertainment, not just for video games playing. Important issue regarding the extra features is the fact that many of the users are not aware of them, so more inform ation and communication with the customers is required. The companies have to learn by the mistakes of the past and try to avoid making them again.It is of significant importance to develop a much larger library of games in the beginning the introduction of the next console, as this was proved to be a major factor for success in the past. Another factor that needs to be considered is a better control of the games and their distribution, as well as perfectly realised marketing campaigns. As the video games audience becomes broader, the companies should make an effort to reqruit new players from the new target groups females and older people, by creating a greater range of games, directed towards the interests of these players, and more intensive advertising.The new image of the video games as family entertainment has to be extended as well. The possible entrance in the industry of some of the big games publisher creates opportunities for establishing of alliances. An alliance between one of the platform providers and a major publisher will give them a very strong position on the market and a sustainable competitive advantage. Thus, they will have the best chances to become the new leader of the industry.

Types of Conflict Essay Example for Free

Types of Conflict EssayConflict in business run intos unremarkably falls into dickens categories 1. Real professional differences Conflict can arise from real real differences in professional opinions. In many cases, these differences dont develop into open employment. But conflict is more managely when the outcome is extremely important, when the decision universe made is irreversible, or when the impact of making the damage decision will reflect badly on those involved. When this type of conflict is left unresolved, it can cursorily spoil relationships.2. Power struggles and personality restitutions Conflict can arise when individuals or groups dislike one-an new(prenominal), or receive that their positions argon organism threatened. This type of conflict tends to be more about sights personalities than about facts or decisions being made. The techniques well discuss below still apply, but you whitethorn alike carry to resolve the primal problem. For more on this, see our articles on Conflict Resolution (in particular, Thomas and Kilmanns conflict styles) and on resolving Team Conflict.Reducing the Opportunity for ConflictThe best defenses against conflict often involve preparing thoroughly in the beginning the meeting, and chairing strongly during the meeting. If you develop a reputation for running tightly structured meetings, theres less chance that individuals who visualize those meetings will try to pursue their own agendas. See Running Effective Meetings for practical tips on how to do this.Send out the agenda in advance, and when the meeting begins, ask the group to agree to it. Then sustain your agenda closely, but dont be overly rigid. If a conflict arises, a good agenda makes it easier to have sex that the group is going off course. If people agree to the meetings goals, interruptions that lead to conflict atomic number 18nt as likely to occur.You should also be alert for meetings where the atmosphere and dynamics of the people involved make it more likely for conflict to arise. These complicate gatherings where known troublemakers individuals or groups with ahistory of causing conflict are present. They also include meetings of new teams that have reached the storming stage of their team development when individuals begin to struggle for influence, but the team hasnt but established effective ways of working. Read more about this in Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing.In these situations, state the meeting rules in advance. For modeling, meeting rules might be as follows Individuals will be allowed to speak after reproduction their hands and only one person may speak at a time. The chair may summarize what has been said to make sure everyone understands. Everyone will be invited to contribute, so that one person cannot make up over the discussion.As chair, you must be firm about managing and enforcing these rules If the team needs to make decisions, you may also want to establish th e decision making process, and ask all participants to agree to this.Gaining Benefits from Conflict buzz off you ever attended a meeting in which a conflict probably the real professional differment type was successfully resolved? If so, you can appreciate the benefits of working through your differences to a equal conclusion.Conflict is not, therefore, something you need to avoid at all costs. In fact, conflict can sometimes be the quickest and best way to make creative progress. You certainly dont want everyone automatically to say yes to everything without square-toed discussionSpotting Potential Conflicts EarlyOne key to spotting the first signs of conflict is watch body language. If the conflict is mostly due to professional differences, rather than personality differences, the in shorter you allow people to make their points, the better. Make sure that people have the opportunity to express disagreement as soon a possible, so that issues can be resolved and the discussion can proceed on a correct basis.How do you know if someone is frustrated? Look for these signs Making facial expressions of amazement or disagreement, such as shaking the head or rolling the eyes. The person may also fidget, or keep around in a restless or nervous manner. Looking at other people to see if anyone elses body language or facial expressions reveal their disagreement with the speaker. Whispering or writing notes to another person. This may indicate that the frustrated person is checking on his or her position or trying to gather support for a confrontation. This can apply to both types of conflict. Staring, possibly in an intimidating way, at the speaker or potential target of confrontation.When you spot the signs of conflict brewing, use the resolution approaches nonplus out in the next section proactively rather than reactively. And nipping the problem in the bud is usually better, because then no one will have to live with the memory of what was said at THAT mee ting. settle ConflictSo, what if you follow these suggestions, and an unexpected conflict still occurs? What do you do then? here are some approaches and techniques you can use.DepersonalizationThis involves wording issues so that they focus on what one party doesnt like rather than the person who is proposing the unpalatable option. How does this work in practice? Lets going back to our earlier archetype Well, I can see your arguments for appointing Alison. But I just think James would be better, and youre not going to convince me otherwise.As a leader, you need to pick this up and rephrase the statement So what youre saying is that while Alison deceasely has strengths, James strengths may well be more important.From here, you can move the discussion into an objective analysis of the relative importance of different qualities.QuestioningAnother approach is to cudgel your teams focus from conflict to research. Encourage people to provide information, rather than state that theyr e angry or disagree with something. To achieve this, use some carefully phrased questions. Dont just ask yes-or-no questions try to clarify what people are thinking. Ask for specific examples, and perhaps suggestions for how the disagreeable idea would need to be changed to make it acceptable to them. In some cases, the alterations they want may be quite small.When a conflict arises in a meeting, you, as the chair need to take control. Dont let others start wading in to the conflict by interrupting you or the speakers.Remove or Reduce the Perceived ThreatA key cause of anger or conflict is that people may perceive that they, or things they hold dear, are threatened. Perhaps they timbre that something being discussed threatens their reputation, judgment, chances of leading a successful project, or chances of getting a bonus. Or perhaps they perceive a threat to a project theyve worked hard to promote, or believe in strongly.There are two parts to this the science of threat, and th e threat itself. This is where you need to explore the issue and fully understand what it is. Its possible that the perception may be wrong perhaps based on faulty or incomplete information. Here you need to supply the correct information. Or it may be that the perception is correct, and the person is right to feel threatened. Here you need to address the situation.Another thing you can do is make sure that you clear up unknowns, because the unknown is often treated as a threat. Going back again to our example of the Alison vs James hiring decision, you might ask the supporters of each to talk about what benefits their non-preferred candidate would bring to the team, and what areas for development theyd need to work on.Take Things Off LineThere are times when you cant resolve a situation in a meeting this is particularly the case where problems involve sensitive personal issues, which shouldnt be discussed in public. In this case, youll need to acknowledge the disagreement, and arr ange a specific meeting to address the issue later on.

Positive changes to the communication environment Essay Example for Free

Positive changes to the conversation environs EssayThere are m each autocratic changes to the dialogue environment which can be made to support the communion development of shaverren with BSED, and some take in already been outlined in Assessment 2.2 and 2.3.Other positive changes may include using opthalmic support in the form of picture cards, makaton signs or even pointing to objects when speaking. This gives further clarification to our speech and functions a pincer with communication difficulties understand what is being taught or requested of them, which in turn will resist each confusion and misunderstanding which could lead to undesired behavior being dis interpreted. To assist a babes understanding of our instructions, we should also speak clearly and slowly, using simple age appropriate speech in simple sentence structures.Asking the fry to reiterate what is being asked of them can help suss out they understand, although in some kidren they may not hav e the vocabulary to do this. With those sisterren, we could demonstrate our request i.e. petition pl balance help tidy up can be reinforced by picking up blocks and putting them in the box and indicating for the boor to assist. In older children using written and verbal language, we should once more than ensure they understand by reading through any signs or written documents with them, pointing out and explaining any key words and reiterating any importance. Similarly, storage for toys and equipment could be labeled with words and pictures, so each child knows where items belong when they need to be put away, and also where to find them if they need them.Staff, including volunteers could offer regular matchless to one direct support to the child for their communication skills whether this is assistance with reading or phonics. This allows the child to let out in a quieter and less pressured environment and gives them extra precious time to potentially develop the skills which their peers already have. All staff should be stipulation extra training and be made more mindful of the difficulties that children withSLCN and BSED experience in order to offer extra support successfully.As already mentioned, creating a calmer and quieter environment with fewer distractions can help most people concentrate better, only will work exceptionally well for a child who is already easily distracted due to their BSED. Minimal distractions allow the big(p) to spend more quality time supporting the child, making it easier to communicate as the child is more focused and therefore more receptive to learning.In any environment there needs to be clear boundaries and rules, and these need to be made easy to understand and achieve for children of all ages and abilities. A arranged approach to dealing with conflicts regarding rules helps to avoid any misunderstanding for the child. As already mentioned, a child want attention will gain this in the way easiest to him or her, and if attention is usually provided tending(p) following interdict behavior, then this how the child is likely to behave. Positive encouragement and praise should be given as often and as emphasized as negative comments as this will help the child acknowledge that good behaviour is just as, if not more so rewarded than undesirable behaviour.Unfortunately in society there is a stigma attached to people with SCLN and/or BSED, and a less than approbatory opinion can be formed by a child when witnessing how an adult deals with a childs behaviour. It is therefore imperative that we show no discrimination towards a child with SLCN or BSED, nor hazard them feel any varied or inferior to their peers. All children can benefit from having information thin and reiterated especially rules and boundaries, so this doesnt need to be a direct communication just towards the child with extra needs. If a child is made to feel different than their peers in a cliqueroom, they may pit to this in a negative manner as it accentuates their extra needs and draws attention to them which may be unwanted.Their reactions may be to become more withdrawn and show less pro-social skills, or to display disruptive or even aggressive behaviour in order to express their feelings of upset. A child with BSED and communication difficulties may not understand their work or what is required of them and we must encourage ways of the child asking for help, as well asus pro offering support. One way to do this within a classroom environment could be to use playing cards, with each pupil having a card each, and if they require help they can turn the card over on their desk, so only the teacher can see, avoiding drawing attention to themselves by having to put their hand up and request help and reducing any embarrassment they may feel.Simple reward charts work well with most children but need to be realistic regarding expectations and consistent in recognizing achievements. This could be done a s an overall class chart or individual charts for each child aimed at specific development areas. The school my 5 year old daughter attends uses a traffic light system to acknowledge good and negative behaviour. All children begin with their name tag on green, however if negative behaviour is witnessed then they front to amber if the behaviour improves, they crusade back to green, if it proceeds as negative behaviour then move to red. Each time a child moves to amber, they lose 5 minutes from their playtime, and if on red, they lose their flourishing free play time on a Friday.If the child is on green all week, they throw a treat on a Friday (usually a sweet, lollipop etc) and for those displaying exceptional hard work or efforts, a certificate of merit is given. The children respond well to this as their punishment for negative behaviour is nimble (or as near as can be) so they quickly learn to display alternative behaviour. It is of import to remember that a child with BSED may not recognize boundaries and the cause and effect of their behaviour or a reward scheme and therefore a tailored approach would be required. Teaching a child with BSED techniques on how to deal with their emotions before they reach a crisis point can help the child manage their behaviour and develop their emotional and social skills at the same time as their communication skills.Ways of doing this could include teaching the child a way in which to communicate to their key role player or teacher that they require help or that they are angry or frustrated. This allows the key proletarian or teacher to support the child before the feelings escalate. Other ways may include service the child to use a time out facility whereby when the child is feeling anxious or angry, they go to a quiet corner until they feel calmer and someone can support them.Using play or activities which the child has a specific interest in (or even using favourite toys or characters within the activity) wil l help the child maintain their interest and allow them further opportunities to interact, increasing their communication and social skills.Finally, reiterating the days timeline can help children understand what is happening next or when veritable activities will take place. Many young children have little concept of time, and for a child who is chatoyant and finding it difficult to conform to the boundaries within the setting, it may help them feel more at ease and less anxious if they know what to expect next. The timeline could be repeated verbally or simple pictures could be displayed to show what activity will be happening soon i.e. lunchtime (a picture of a devise and drink), outdoor play (picture of trees and a ball) or home time (a picture of a coat).Many different ways can be implemented but they may require a lot of time, and a great deal of extra effort from staff before a child begins to display any positive changes and this should be taken into account before decidi ng that a specific strategy appears to not be working.

Was the Poor Law of 1834 Effective Essay Example for Free

Was the paltry Law of 1834 Effective EssayAgree with the three briny doctrines. Malthuss principle Ricardos iron legal philosophy of wages and Benthams doctrine The be has been described as the classic warning of the fundamental Whig-Benthamite reforming legislation of the period, based on three main doctrines Malthuss principle that macrocosm increased quick than resources unless checked, Ricardos iron law of wages and Benthams doctrine that people did what was pleasant, and would tend to claim backup man rather than working. http//wapedia. obi/en/Poor_Law_Amendmen Population increased faster than resources unless checked people do what is pleasant, and would tend to claim fireman rather than working . The history of the Poor Law in England and Wales is usually divided between cardinal statutes, the Old Poor Law passed during the reign of Elizabeth I and the New Poor Law, passed in 1834, which significantly special the existing system of poor relief. The Poor Law sys tem was not formally abolished until the 1948 National avail bring, with parts of the law remaining on the statute book until 1967.The Poor Law system unrelenting into decline at the beginning of the 20th century due to several factors, such as creative activity of the Liberal welfare reforms and the availability of other sources of assistance from friendly societies and trade unions, as well as piecemeal reforms which bypassed the Poor Law system . Despite these later edicts it is notable that the Poor Law Amendment Act did not ban all forms of outdoor relief.When the new Amendment was applied to the industrial North of England (an area the law had never considered during reviews), the system failed catastrophically as many found themselves temporarily unemployed, due to recessions or a fall in stock demands, so called cyclical unemployment and were reluctant to enter a Workhouse, despite it universe the only method of gaining aid. The abuses and shortcomings of the system are documented in the novels of Charles Dickens and Frances Trollope. Despite the aspirations of the reformers, the New Poor Law was unable to make the Workhouse as bad as life outside.The primary problem was that in order to make the diet of the Workhouse inmates less eligible than what they could expect outside, it would be necessary to starve the inmates beyond an acceptable level. It was for this reason that other ways were found to deter entrance to the Workhouses. These measures ranged from the introduction of prison trend uniforms to the segregation of inmates into yards there were normally male, female, boy and girls yards. The Act stated that no able-bodied person was to contract money or other help from the Poor Law authorities except in a workhouse.Conditions were to be made harsh to discourage people from claiming. Workhouses were to be built in every parish and if parishes were to lessened parishes to group together to form Workhouse Unions. http//en. wikipedia. org/wi ki/English_Poo The Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 sometimes abbreviated to PLAA was an Act of the sevens of the United Kingdom passed by the Whig government of Lord Melbourne that reformed the countrys poverty relief system. It was an Amendment Act that totally replaced earlier legislation based on the Poor Law of 1601. With reference to this earlier Act the 1834 Act is also known as the New Poor Law.The Amendment Act was called for after an investigation by the 1832 purple Commission into the Operation of the Poor Laws which included Edwin Chadwick, George Nicholls, John Bird Sumner and Nassau William Senior. The Act has been described as the classic example of the fundamental Whig-Benthamite reforming legislation of the period, based on three main doctrines Malthuss principle that population increased faster than resources unless checked, Ricardos iron law of wages and Benthams doctrine that people did what was pleasant, and would tend to claim relief rather than working.

A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay Example for Free

A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen tryHappiness is a state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. In A birds house by Henrick Ibsen, the feelings concerning the home are non mutual. Torvald thinks that they have the ideal home and a perfect, happy manner Nora realizes that their life is far from perfect. Their home is the deal a playground, it is only all enjoyment and gamesthere is no real love or interest. A home that is like a playground, and not filled with love and care, is not a happy home. From the very beginning, Torvald treated Nora like a baby. Is that my minuscular lark twittering out there? (5). Is it my little squirrel bustling about? (6).Before all things that Torvald called Nora, he would empower the adjective little before it, meaning it in a patronizing manner. He looked down on Nora from the start, but thats how she thought it was suppose to be. He treated her like a little kid, and did not love her and care for her like she needed to be loved and cared for. Nora says to Mrs. Christine Linde that she was living a happy life.The destination eight years have been a happy time for me, I can tell you. (82). Nora believed that she was supposititious to be treated like a little girl, reasonable as Torvald treated her. She was not sensible that she deserved to be treated like an adult and not a little kid. She deserved to be treated with kindness, respect, love, and care. At this point of the story, she has not yet realized how a husband is truly supposed to act. Nora compares their house during the past eight years she has spent with Torvald to a playroom they had been like little kids just playing around, not a married couple. Our home has been nothing but a playroomThat is what our marriage ceremony has been, Torvald. (288/289). Nora now realizes that they have not been living a truly happy life.Their marriage has been just like little kids playing house they had been playing a game and not truly acting like a married couple should. Nora decided that she wanted a husband who would love her and care for her, not one that just treated her like a little doll. It was then it dawned upon me that for eight years I had been living here with a strange man. (302/303). This is when Nora realized that she wanted something better in her life and that Torvald was not right for her. She realized that Torvald was only a stranger, not really her husband. Spouses are supposed to love you with everything they have, care for you and adore you. All Torvald cared about was money he thought money could buy happiness. Nora knew this was not align and she could not take it anymore, so she stopped considering him her spouse.Nora and Torvald think they have the ideal life, until Nora comes to the realization that Torvalds life revolves around money and material objects. She realized that Torvald didnt show her the love and care that he should have. So in order to be happy, she needed to be free from Torvald, so she divorced him. Divorcing him gave her the capability to go find somebody else to marry, and have a home with true love and true happiness. The key to having a happy home is having a home filled with love and care.

Financial Analysis of Competition Bikes Essay Example for Free

Financial abbreviation of contest Bikes EssayFinancial Analysis of aspiration BikesIntroduction In pecuniary digest a complete assessment of a product line organization coering competitiveness, profitability, fluidity and stability concerns. Financial analysis of a headache is undertaken by reviewing the business financial statements. Summarized financial statement reports are frequently presented to executives and top managers for setting up business goals as run lowly as making decisions. Analysis of the financial statements of Competition Bikes demand evaluation of the privileged operation focusing on vertical, horizontal, ratio and trend analyses and the working(a) capital. These evaluations communicate profit margins enabling projection of budgets and restraining earn sales and costs potential. Annual comparison of production performance subject to profit versus all overhead suffices in prevision of budgets for production ingredients on a monthly basis (Shi m, J. and Siegel, J. 2009).Competition Bikes Horizontal Analysis This is the examination of portion changes in comparative statements of a business. In this case, it is the evaluation of Competition Bikes comparative statements surrounded by the class 6 and 7 as salubrious as 7 and 8. The horizontal analysis chart swear outs in indicating the value of accounts payable polarial in form 6 and 7 as well as year 7 and year 8. The fraternitys net sales soared up by 33.3% between year 6 and 7 at $1,495,000. However, net sales differential coefficient between year 7 and 8 was a banish implying that sales decreased by 15% at $897,000. Therefore, it is innate that Competition Bikes increases annual sales to reap higher profits. The value of gross profit registered was a negative figure of $266,600 equivalent to 16.3% decrease. Interestingly, the keep company registered a 37.5% gross profits increase between year 6 and 7 at $447,000. The time time period between purchasing of ra w materials, manufacturing and distribution of goods is referred to as the run cycle. The net period in collection of receipts from payments and sales is the cash alteration cycle for the different ingredients consumed and produced by Competition Bikes. The company witnessed a decrease in the operating cycle between old age 6 and 7 from 50.52 to 48.00 days. This is explained by the increased egress of sales relation back to the inventories developing sum up. The cash conversion period between year 6 and 8 was relatively negative. This is because Competition Bikes Inc has a high liquidity owing to the short receivables period supplemented by a lengthy payable deferral period. It is indicative of the in effect(p) guidance of the companys resources. The aggregate of administrative and general expenses between year 6 and 7 increased at $156,440 equivalent to 20.4% increase. However, the increase between year 7 and 8 was significantly dispirit at $11,004 equivalent to 1.2% inc rease. Still, Competition Bikes Inc operating income between year 6 and 7 increased at $191,820 equivalent to 154.6% increase. However, this parameter decreased at $318,392 equivalent to 61.9% decrease. Higher profits were registered between year 6 and 7 relative to year 7 and 8 which registered a dcrease in profits. In addition, the companys cash account differential between 6 and 7 was a decrease of $142,451 equivalent to 54.6%. However, this differential increased between year 7 and 8 at $326,475 equivalent to 275.4%. The net liabilities difference between year 6 and 7 was $128,620 equal to 1.2% increase. According to horizontal analysis, the sum of money liabilities differential from year 6 to 8 was a decrease at $35,500 or 1.9% (Brigham, E. and Houston, J. 2007). Still, Competition Bikes common righteousness differential between year 6 and 7 was a 2.9% increase equating to $119,914 increase. Horizontal analysis of the same parameter indicates a drop between year 7 and 8 equa l to $2,400 or 0.1% decrease. Since year 7 and 8 registered a lesser loss comparative to the gain between historic period 6 and 7, Competition Bikes Inc. broke even in the former years from the aggregate of year 6 and year 7.Competition Bikes Inc plumb Analysis In vertical analysis, an exploration of a companys statement of financial position is considered to validate each element comparative to the total assets as a percentage. For the income statement, vertical analysis involves exploration of the various variables subject to total sales. This analysis helps in evaluation of the financial performance of Competition Bikes Inc with time. The tabulation below indicates the Vertical Analysis of the Competition Bikes Incs Balance tatterAccount elements Year 6 list assets ($4,199,303) Year 7Total assets ($4,319,217) Year 8Total assets ($4,316,817)Notes and accounts Payable 1.6% 4.5% 6.1%Accrued Salaries and other expenses 0.4% 0.3% 0.3%Accrued Expenses 0.5% 0.6% 0.6%Mortgage 42.9% 39 .4% 37.1%Long term Liabilities 2.1% 2.0% 1.9%Stockholders Equity 52.5% 53.3% 54.1% Competition Bikes Inc Vertical Analysis assesses the liabilities, equities and assets of the company. Overall, the operating expenses fluctuated in little figures indicate a strong internal supremacy policy. Therefore, there was little depreciation on the company subject to the operating sales versus costs. The proportion of liabilities decreased over the ternion years indicating an improved ability in Competition Bikes Inc to settle debts. The proportion of common right relative to debts increased over the period signifying a growth in the net capital of the company.Competition Bikes Trend Analysis This is the evaluation of the financial performance of a business over time. Firstly, Competition Bikes Inc remnant sheet figures increased tremendously between years 6 and 8. This signifies growth and expansion trend in Competition Bikes. On average, the company grew at 3.3% which is a sustainable gr owth rate. Over the three years, the sales dropped significantly and especially between year 7 and 8. Nonetheless, the profit margin was relatively strong due to little fluctuations in overhead costs such as materials, productions costs and carrier fees. Therefore, it is potentially mathematical that the coming(prenominal) sales in years 9, 10 and 11 high provided the company maintains the circulating(prenominal) growth and expansion rate. Based on trend analysis, it is anticipated that the companys sales in future will remain strong. This inspires the shareholder to invest more in the company over the next three years. Profits are anticipated to increase at 103.2%, 107.6% and 111.8% over the next three years respectively. In additional, further prodding of the companys financial statements indicates a declining rate in sales growth rate. For instance, the company sales increase at 8.65% between year 6 and 7 as well as 9.85% between year 7 and year 8. Nonetheless, the significan tly small sales growth rate is associative to higher boost in net income which rose by 12.82% and 14.46% in year 7 and 8 respectively.Competition Bikes Ratio Analysis It is the determination of the past years financial performance relative to other companies ratios, trends as well as those of the company/business under review. These ratios include liquidity, profitability and efficacy ratios. Liquidity ratios extracted from the statement of financial position determine the ability of the business to pay its debts at and as when they fall due. The fractions are significantly important in computation of the business ability to meet its short term and long term financial obligations and goals. Quick ratio is computed by dividing quick assets by current liabilities. The company registered a low quick ration of 3.11% and 3.21% for years 8 and 7 respectively. This is because as a motor bike retailer, the company must hold high levels of inventory meaning that most of the working capital ends up tied. Considering that the company enjoys a small inventory turnover ratio, this is not a torture level. Efficiency ratios include the inventory turnover ratio and the average collection period. The former is obtained by dividing total sales by total inventory. This ratio indicates the efficiency and the rapidity with which the company manages to sell its bikes. In year 7 and 8, the companys inventory turnover fell from 46.7 to 45.9 indicating decrease strength in paying off debts. The latter ratio is the anticipated period of cashing owed receivables from clients. Competition Bikes Inc current average collection period is 102.6 days. It is not an ideal duration because it implies delayed conversion of receivables into cash for clearing debts and expenses. Profitability ratios include concede on assets and gross profit margin. The former ratio assesses the aptitude of Competition Bikes to raise revenue from its assets. The companys return on asset parameter in year 7 and 8 was 4.52 and 4.25 respectively. The gross profit margin at the same period was 27.4% and 27% respectively. However, this was a 4.7% drop from the previous 5.3%. The fall in profits translates to poor trading operations and hence the need to evaluate the companys strategies.Competition Bikes Working Capital This is the difference between the current assets and the current liabilities. It is important to a business because it determines the acquirable resources for increasing production, hiring additional staff, merging and buying out other companies as well as place in expansion projects. The company had a working capital of $2,123,000 and $1,768,000 in year 7 and 6 respectively. The increased values in working capital indicate an advanced working capital over the three years.Internal Control Strengths and Weaknesses These are predominant in the accounts departments. The company has adequate resources to finance its operations now and into the future. This is because all activit ies are adequately covered financially. Besides, the company boasts a readily available business with a potential to attract additional clients. The company maintains a check and balance system to control sales, purchase and cash management translates to a strong internal control system. Corrective action in weaknesses lists changes to be made to enhance completion of targets and achieving of total significance in a business. The operations and management for implementation are executed by the management to ensure resolution of identified weaknesses. When the firms adopts a bring in system, execution of identified strategies top resolve the deficiencies is easily executed. Corrective actions were installed to improve production and purchasing deficiencies. This is to help in invariant inquiry as well as cooperation among various departments in the business.Risks Businesses face constant risks and threats and therefore, it is important to identify, address and mitigate the risks. Competition Bikes is susceptible to numerous risks such as increased arguing resonating to low profit margins. Therefore, the company must strategize on maintaining and attracting additional clients. Still, the internal controls are a threat to the company. Impromptu competition between purchasing unit and the accounting department may conduct to delay in payment of invoices. Proper communication lines must be set within the company to address broken communication.Compliance Competition Bikes Inc compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley is indicative of the stringent monitoring controls that the company has installed for internal auditing purposes. This assures stakeholders of the efficient management of the company as well as in compliance with different regulatory framework. Compliance entails provision of an admirable working framework such as motivation of employees, retention of dexterous labor and recycling of products.Recommendation Considering the past performance of the company, i t is recommended that the firm must maintain a sound internal control system. This will report deficiencies such as weaknesses in financial reporting. It will help in securing a lock tight financial recording and documentation. Closer monitoring and evaluation of the overmuch raw materials and manufacturing surpluses will be maintained in reasonable amounts reducing overspending and potential theft.ReferencesBateman, T. S., Snell, S. (2013). M Management. unfermented York, NY. McGraw-Hill Companies.Internal Control Systems. (2011, July 4). Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Tread way Commission (COSO). Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http//www.coso.org/documents/COSO_ERM_ExecutiveSummary.pdf.Kieso, D. E., Weygandt, J. J. (2012). Intermediate accounting (9th ed.). youthful York Wiley.Shim, J. K., Siegel, J. G. (2012). Schaums outline of financial management (2nd ed.). New York McGraw-Hill.Source document

Pet food recall Essay Example for Free

Pet victuals unsay EssayA late(a) recall crosswise the United States and Canada has pet owners in frenzy. More than 60 million cans and pouches of pet forage have been recalled as they have been linked to 10 cat and 6 dog deaths recently. The producer sells food under 95 different brands, including Wal-Mart, Iams, and Safeway. As of yet the specific ingredient linked to the pet deaths has not been determined. Speculation links the liver failure of the cats to a wheat gluten ingredient. The FDA utter that wheat gluten itself would not font liver failure, but if it was contaminated with metal or mold toxins it could cause liver damage. The chief administrator of circuit board foods, Paul Henderson issued a statement saying, Our hearts go out to all of the pet owners across Canada, the United States and Mexico for any losses they experience and certainly for the worry this incident may be make (Company behind pet, 2007). Pet owners expectations when buying pet food atomic number 18 to keep their pets happy, healthy, and well fed. Many of the products recalled were manufactured under the best pet food names in the industry. Pet owner Chris Wood says We love our pets just like children. They are not careful enough with the ingredients they put in pet food.Thats scary (Molina, 2007). Pets are companions that owners have a deep responsibility to care for. Implications caused by this recall include worry for integritys pet, having to find a new brand of food not manufactured by menu foods, and in the worse case scenario losing ones pet to liver failure. The worry alone is winning time and energy from pet owners across the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Pet owners are not only travel the recalled food but are taken precautions that cost a lot of money to ensure the preventative and well-being of their pets. A veterinarian at the zoology Medical Center on the East facial expression of Manhattan, Dr. Ann Hohenhaus, said one cat died there over the weekend of kidney failure linked to the recalled food. Hohenhaus said the Animal Medical Center has tested 143 animals for renal failure since worried pet owners started taking their cats and dogs in for line and urine tests on Saturday (March 18th, 2007)(Mathews, 2007). Retailers are taking all measures to reassure pet owners. After the recall PetSmart prevalent manager Gary Brown said, Everything on our shelves is 100 percent safe for your pet(Molina, 2007).Petsmart is offering a integral refund on all food purchased between December 3-March 6. A Long Island family whose two course of instruction old bull mastiff, Princess, died as a result of the recall are suing Menu Foods. Princess ate naught but Nutro Foods all of her life and passed away from liver failure. The family is absolutely devastated by their loss. The family filed a lawsuit Wednesday over against Nutro and manufacturer Menu Foods. The lawsuit, filed in state Supreme Court in Nassau County, seeks unspecified co mpensatory and punitive damages, said Bobbs attorney, Kenneth Mollins(Mathews, 2007).Quite often consumers put much research and time into products they purchase. When a consumer makes a purchase they untrue the manufacturer is offering a product that will be satisfactory and meet standards. Menu foods did deal to a new supplier for wheat gluten. As of the March 6, 2007 issued recall Mend Foods has once again changed its wheat gluten supply and is once again stocking shelves with premium pet food. Menu Foods expects losses of 24-60 million dollars for this recall and lawsuits that will prevail as a result of the contaminated pet food.

John Locke Essay Essay Example for Free

flush toilet Locke Essay EssayOur Earth has been the home to a multitude of huge thinkers. These thinkers were mixed-up throughout the generations from the Romans all the way to the 20th century however, the clipping period with the most philosophers was the Enlighten custodyt Age. During this clipping there were umpteen thinkers such as Voltaire and Thomas Hobbes. One thinker in particular who contributed a great deal to history was John Locke. His work is still influencing the lives of people across the solid ground three hundred years later. He rethought the moral role of governance, created a new-sprung(prenominal) conjecture of experience, introduced the use of solid ground, and re drumheaded people of their inborn rights. The combination of these four things made him the single most influential philosopher during the Enlightenment Age, and even in history. During the 1600s-1700s, John Locke lived on this earth, observing how society functioned. He saw thinks v ery differently than the average person. Unlike mevery others, he used logic and reason in order to see the flaws of government. The government at the fourth dimension was incredibly corrupt and unfair to the people.Taxes made the lives of 98% of the population miserable and insufferable. Locke could even be considered a humanist for his actions. He felt the people deserved a fair government that served them as pose to the people serving the government. According to Locke, political power is the congenital power of each man together with given up into the hands of a designated body1. In a to a greater extent general sense, he created the social contract. Most people recognize this theory as the social contract because it is an agreement amongst government and its people. only people ar born with their natural rights.The idea of the social contract is a community surrenders some degree of its natural rights in favor of government, which is better able to protect those rights t han any man could alone. Protection is one of the greatest services any government can provide. People testament enjoy living under a certain ruler if he or she can discover them safe. The quality of life is generally much higher when there is no constant fear of flack catcher from a neighbor. The idea of the government providing protection had been around before, but Locke included the idea that government exists only for the well creation of the community.He stressed to the people that any government that breaks the contract can and should be replaced. Gradually, people began to process this idea and realized that Locke was right. They were the ones that should have the power, not the government. The people were unhappy with the way they were being treated, but they did not k straight what to do about it so they continued suffering. Locke gave them an instruction manual by saying, the community has a moral obligation to revolt against or otherwise replace any government that forgets that it exists only for the peoples benefit2.This struck true to many people because they were unhappy. It alike gave reason for the government to be reasonable and not do anything outrageous. More power was given to the people and the days of absolute rule would no longer exist. One of Lockes other contributions that was considered revolutionary was creating a new way theory of experience. Locke believed that knowledge was only gained through worldliness. He told people that experiences caused them to learn. One famous this he argued is that, at birth the headspring is a tabula rasa3.Tabula rasa translates to clean slate. Essentially, everyone is born without knowledge and over time they become wiser and smarter. This was revolutionary because previously no one had every stopped to think about how knowledge was gained other than schooling. Locke was the first to think that people were born without any knowledge. He emphasized the five senses as well. Humans fill their c lean slate with ideas and experience in the world through their five senses. thither are many varying definitions of knowledge, but John Locke is the most accurate.Locke defines knowledge as the connection and agreement, or disagreement and repugnancy, of the ideas humans form4. Since our knowledge is derived from our experiences, it means our knowledge is limited. Not everyone can know everything since not one single person can experience everything this earth has to offer in one lifetime. This excessively means that everyones knowledge varies and no two people have the same exact knowledge since everyones experiences are different. Locke also notes that there is a great deal of unknown on this world and there always will be.This observation still is true today because there is a great deal of uncertainty in todays society. He is also still influential because he taught us to question those uncertain areas. As a continuation, he agrees that there are certain things that we are cer tain of. One example that Locke uses is the certainty of our own existence and the existence of God even spoilt we may not fully comprehend who or what he was5. Another very complex theory that he had relating to the idea of knowledge was our ideas are related to reality.He said that, our ideas correspond to external realities because the mind cannot invent such things without experience6. The idea of knowledge was vague but Locke defined it in a very detailed and simple way for the average person to comprehend. This idea that our ideas are relates to reality because our mind cannot invent things without experience caused people a greater understanding of how their mind worked and encouraged them to experience more than in their lives. John Locke is known for many contributions to society but one of his most influential was his instauration of reason.He thought that every person had a purpose in life and that was to find truth. In believing this he encouraged people that God gave us our capacity for reason to aid us in the search for truth. Since Lock believed in a clean mind at birth, he also believed that people were born innocent. Innocence in his mind is eventually inevitably lost trough experience. That whiteness disappears and creates knowledge. Locke wanted people to understand and think for themselves rather than follow their leaders blindly.He also considered unbiased that, each person has a duty to preserve other people as well as himself recognizing the responsibility to preserve the rights of all humankind naturally leads to tolerance7. This idea directly leads to his idea of interval of church and estate. To him, government had absolutely no right to impose itself people. The fact of the matter was that the government and state were one body. This gave them significant power to do anything they pleased. Locke was one of the very first to question governments over oppression.All men control their bodies and their minds so no other individua l should try and control it. Also how men naturally exist in a state of nature and so he needs to do only to the laws of nature8. The majority of leaders at the time were extremely unhappy with how Locke was influencing the general public. Ironically, now many leaders such as the president of the United States follow many of his beliefs. Locke also influenced the American Constitution when his ideas reached over seas. Early Americans saw the power of his theories such as the social contract and more importantly using reason.People wanted to be granted the same friends and eventually received them. heat content Ford once said, thinking is the hardest work there is and that is why so few engage in it. This quote is why John Locke is the greatest thinker and philosopher of all time. He devoted his life to changing not only the way people thought, but how they viewed life forever. No man has had a greater impact that him. Locke rethought the moral role of government, created a new wa y theory of knowledge, introduced the use of reason, and reminded people of their natural rights.The combination of these four things is simply what made him such an indelible man. Sources 1. Uzgalis, William, Uzgalis,. John Locke. Stanford University. Stanford University, 02 Sept. 2001. Web. 08 Jan. 2014. 2. Locke, John. The Second Treatise on well-bred Government. Amherst, NY Prometheus, 1986. Print. 3. Aaron, Richard I. John Locke. Oxford Clarendon, 1971. Print. 4. Berlin, Isaiah. The Age of Enlightenment. Oxford Oxford UP, 1979. Print. 5. Locke, John, and John Locke. The Second Treatise of Government And, A Letter concerning Toleration. Mineola, NY Dover Publications, 2002. Print.