Managing Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Managing Information Technology - Essay Example A request of a system demonstrates a comprehensive summary for business requirements along with the integration with business process in order to develop a business value. The concerned personnel or department who generates the request also called as project sponsor, works in parallel with the Information system department staff in order to perform feasibility study (Brown, DeHayes, Hoffer, Martin, & Perkins, 2009). The outcomes of a feasibility study illustrate essential aspects of the proposed project via project sponsor. It involves economic feasibility, organizational feasibility and organized feasibility. Moreover, the project sponsor collectivizes all the funding and resources and deploys a project manager during the initiation phase. Likewise, the concerned project manager requires developing communication with the business departments along with identifying prospects to enhance business processes.

Civil Disobedience Paper Essay Example for Free

Civil Disobedience Paper Essay Throughout US history, there were many occurrences performed by people that helped define American Identity. Some of the many aspects that helped evolve characteristics of American identity are civil disobedience, freedom of religion, and immigration. Historical happenings throughout time helped create how the US is today, and why certain freedoms are allowed. Civil Disobedience is one of the important aspects of american identity. Harriet Tubman played a great role in performing civil disobedience involving her freeing slaves. Harriet had a huge bounty on her head and still she rebelled against the law, rescuing more slaves. Henry David Thoreau also performed a part in the act of civil disobedience when he refused to pay taxes, because of his opposition to the Mexican-American War. He wrote an essay Resistance to Civil Government stating that citizens have the right to disobey the law if the law was considered unjust. Furthermore, Womans rights is another example of civil disobedience. Women werent treated as equal as men and were denied the right to vote. In 1848 the Declaration of Sentiments had 12 resolutions that called for equal treatment of women and men under the law and voting rights for women. Overall, civil disobedience plays a huge role in American identity. Freedom of religion is another aspect that highlights american identity. Many people came to America in search of religious freedom. Colonists wanted a chance to worship freely and have a religion they wanted to take part in. When the pilgrims came to American their goal was to escape the persecution of the puritans. Later on many religions began to disperse everywhere and therefor, population began to grow in America. The Salem Witchcraft Trials, and the Great Awakening of the 1730s played a great role in influencing freedom of religion. America became a refuge for those who wanted religious freedom and became a home to the many people that had the chance to improve their lives. Overall, religious freedom is a huge aspect defining American Identity. Since before America’s founding, immigration has been part of the American identity. In 1845, potato famine in Ireland stopped plants from growing and many families were starved and wished for an escape, nearly 3.5 million Irish migrated to America during the 1820s through the1880s. The Irish weren’t the only immigrants that migrated to America. The Germans had come to America during World War 1 in order to better their lives. Immigrants with money would buy farms in the country, and immigrants with very little money would stay in the city, mainly in New York. By 1855, New York homed at least seventy percent of the New York population. Many immigrants have come to America and still have many coming in and out of our country nowadays. Overall civil disobedience, freedom of religion, and immigration are just a few of the many traits given to the US over time. Because of all these happenings that have occurred in the US, we as citizens have many rights. Here in the US we are known to have different yet unique identities, all thanks to the acts of rebelliousness and righteousness throughout US history.

International Criminal Justice Between Soviet Union, Afghanistan, and A

An analysis of International Aggression: The scope of International Criminal Justice Through the years, the overt and covert conflicts between the United States and the former Soviet Union was often coined in terms of international aggression. The Soviet invasions of Afghanistan lead to a renewal of Cold War hostility between the Soviet Union and America. Afghanistan made headlines in 1979 as it brought to the forefront, the Cold War sentiments with the continued efforts of then U.S.S.R. to spread communism. Aside from the different conflicts between various countries who were allies of either of these nations, it is important that we note the climate that existed and what grew out of it. In the early days of the Cold War, mistrust was rampant and the aura of suspicion permeated every corner of society. Reflecting back on those times, there are countless instances allegations of espionage and examples of radical citizens partaking in criminal activity to benefit the mother country became prevalent. Two such cases which gained much notoriety included the espionage trial of Alger Hiss as well as the trials of both Julius and wife, Ethel Rosenberg. During this period of unrest there was a vast East vs. West competition, with much tension between alliances. After WWII the relationship between the U. S. and the U.S.S.R. became known as the â€Å"Cold War†. From the Soviets’ point of view, Joseph Stalin saw the world as being divided between capitalists and imperialists on one side and on the other saw the communists and progressives. The U. S standpoint was clear as President Harry Truman stated â€Å"We are two opposed systems: one free and the other bent on subjugating other nations† (History CH DVD). The Geneva summit of 1959 wi... ...entire societies are being sacrificed in the wake of their actions. One has only to scrape the surface lightly to find evidence of the underlying mistrust amongst the key players today and widespread espionage that continues today, fueled by new acts of aggression. Within our own nation we find America on the forefront of undisclosed fraud in government and new revelations of misinformation being shared to fuel rhetoric. How do we move forward as a global society, not to repeat mistakes of the past? References: Arms, T.A. (1994) Encyclopedia of the cold war. New York: Facts on File Publishing Haynes, J.E., Klehr, H. (2006) Early cold war spies: The espionage trials that shaped American politics. New York: Cambridge (2006) In search of History: Spies Among Us (History Channel DVD) (2003) Night Flight from Moscow. Fonda, Henry. (Personal DVD)

Converting Paper Records to a Computer Based Health Record Essay

Traditional utilization of paper based medical records leads to the dispersion of clinical information as a result of the heterogeneous character of hospital systems. Due to this, the development of a clinical information system that can integrate hospital information as well as enable cooperation amongst legacy systems became a difficult task. System integration as well as the development of an efficient clinical information management system was thereby dependent upon the creation of conceptual and architectural tools that will enable such an integration. In line with this, many healthcare institutions are currently seeking to establish the integration of their workstations through the utilization of technological tools. Such tools are effective in the arrangement of clinical matters as well as in the arrangement of administrative and financial information. Clinical information systems are utilized by healthcare institutions in their integration of information. At this point, the utilization of electronic medical systems in healthcare delivery is evident in countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Sweden, Hong Kong, Canada, as well as Australia. The current shift from a human memory based paradigm to a technological paradigm can be traced to the recent emphasis given on health care quality improvement and cost reduction. In lieu of this, policymakers started to adopt health information technology such as the Electronic Medical Record (EMR). According to Tim Scott in Implementing an Electronic Medical Record System, most information regarding the use of EMR systems are derived from the Regenstrief Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, the Department of Veterans Affairs, LDS Hospital, and Kaiser Permanente. The information derived from the following medical institutions shows the following. First, success is dependent upon the organizational tools rather than on the type of technology used. Second, minimal changes were noted in terms of increase of quality and efficiency as a result of the system’s adaptation. Such findings thereby led to the slow adoption and implementation of EMR systems since majority of medical institutions as well as healthcare systems required the high verifiability of the system’s utility. True enough, researches within these institutions also showed that EMR systems increase the quality of patient care as it decreases medical errors, however, the economic aspect regarding its use has not been well documented leaving most medical institutions adamant regarding its implementation. In lieu of this, the paper is divided into three parts. The first part will present the rationale behind the formation of the technology based medical paradigm. It will be formulated within the parameters of Thomas Kuhn’s conception of scientific revolutions. The second part present a discussion of the various EMR components and the problems encountered in its implementation at Kaiser. The last part, on the other hand, will concentrate on presenting possible solutions to the problems evident in the utilization of the EMR systems within the Kaiser program while giving specific emphasis on the role of the agent in successful implementation. Thomas Kuhn, in his work entitled The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, discusses the very nature and necessity of what he calls scientific revolutions. In this particular work, Kuhn sees an apparent parallelism between political revolutions on the one hand, and scientific revolutions on the other. Kuhn writes: â€Å"scientific revolutions†¦ (are) those non-cumulative developmental episodes in which an older paradigm is replaced in whole or in part by an incompatible new one† (2000, p. 50). On a preliminary note, paradigms are frameworks in and through which we approach phenomena, in general. They are models, so to speak. Naturally enough, different models employ different methodologies, different methodologies in turn, generate different types of knowledge, which, consequently, have different criteria of proof or validity. Scientific development, as Kuhn contends, may appropriately be characterized by paradigm shifts and this he calls scientific revolutions. It is important to note that scientific developments do not occur in a vacuum. For the aforementioned reason, there is a felt need to situate scientific developments in the historical context within which they are conceived, proposed and ultimately, institutionalized and integrated as part of society’s shared knowledge. This is to say that scientific revolutions are also proper objects of historical analysis and discourse in as much as political revolutions are. Kuhn contends that there is a parallelism between political and scientific revolutions. As pointed out earlier, it is important to note that he characterizes scientific revolutions as â€Å"those non-cumulative developmental episodes in which an older paradigm is replaced in whole or in part by an incompatible new one. † Kuhn’s characterization emphasizes two important points. First, â€Å"that there is a replacement of an old paradigm by a new one†. Second, â€Å"that the new paradigm is not merely something new; it is also incompatible with the old paradigm†. This is to say that the incompatibility or the irreconcilability of the new paradigm with the old paradigm serves as warrant for the necessity of such a revolution. Although there are significant differences in both scientific and political developments, Kuhn argues that one may be justified in using the notion of revolution as a metaphor for understanding them. He writes: Political revolutions are inaugurated by a growing sense, often restricted to a segment of the political community, that existing institutions have ceased adequately to meet the problems posed by the environment that they have in part created. In much the same way, scientific revolutions are inaugurated by a growing sense, again often restricted to a narrow subdivision of the scientific community that an existing paradigm has ceased to function adequately in the exploration of an aspect of nature to which that paradigm itself had previously led the way. (2000, p. 150) Kuhn’s parallelism is thus, founded on the idea that in both cases, a sense of malfunction (in our institutions as for the case of the political, and in our paradigms as for the case of the scientific) necessitates for the occurrence of a revolution. In relation to this, the shift from a human memory based paradigm to the technological paradigm may be likened to a revolutionary development within the field of medical data acquisition and retention. The difference between the human memory based paradigm as opposed to the technological paradigm stems from the ascription of greater subjectivity in relation to human memory based data as opposed to technologically maintained data. As was stated in the first part of the paper, the heterogeneous characteristic of medical institutions stems from the existence of various separate holistic systems within it. As a result of this, deriving and correlating clinical information becomes tedious. The main reason for this stems from human memory based paradigm’s utilization of paper based records which has a high probability of non-viability and unreliability. Examples of this are evident in evidence-based medicine’s non-adherence to the traditional methods of training and practice. Second, paper based records fall short of their original expectations. The objective of the healthcare record is â€Å"to identify problems and to understand the impact of the illness on the individual† thereby enabling the â€Å"amelioration of the problem to the patient’s satisfaction, within the bounds of medical capabilities and society’s resource limitations†(Simpson and Robinson, 2002, p. 115). The main limitation of the paper bound records, therefore, stem from their inability of being multiply accessible to members of society. On the other hand, Scott related the reasons for the development of a technology based paradigm with the high verifiability of the positive results of technologically determined medical care processes. According to Scott, â€Å"new technologies make it possible to evaluate and intervene to improve care in ways not heretofore possible† (2002, p. 2). In line with this, members of both the public and private sector lobby for the accessibility of technological improvements. For the members of the private sector, this is due to the inclusion of the medical industry within the business sphere. For the members of the public sector, on the hand, demands for greater accountability for health care stems from the prevailing belief that technological advancements must be made accessible to the general public. According to the IOM, information technology’s role in the substantial improvement of the redesign of the healthcare system is important since it ensures the formation of â€Å"a strong infrastructure in supporting efforts to reengineer care processes†¦ oordinate patient care across clinicians and settings and overtime, support multidisciplinary team functioning, and facilitate performance and outcome measurement for improvement and accountability† (qtd in Scott, 2002, p. 4). The results of the success of the EMR are traceable to the developments within the field of e-Health. According to Silber, EMR serves as the fundamental building bl ock for the development of various applications such as the use of ICT by the Primary Health Care Team. Others involve the use of ERM for validation of research or as an instrument in Continuing Medical Education. Information necessary for the functions ascribed above, in relation to the personal health record, are possible since the health record’s functionality enables the inclusion of the following: practitioner order entry, electronic patient record, document management, clinical decision support, administrative data, integrated communication support, as well as access to knowledge and resources. According to Raymonds and Dolds, the functions of each component are as follows. The electronic patient record presents the patient’s history. Document management, on the other hand contains the actions undertaken in relation to the patient’s diagnosis. Clinical decision support as compared to the later contains â€Å"the alerts based on current data from the electronic medical record, evidence based practical guidelines or more complex artificial intelligence systems for diagnostic support†. Access to administrative related information such as admission and discharge are contained within the section encompassing administrative data. Integrated communication support however provides the tools for the facilitation of effective and efficient communication amongst members of the patient’s health team. The last part enables access to other sources of information regarding the patient’s condition (Scott, 2007, p. 4). The Kaiser Permanente EMR implementation presented one of the main problems in relation to the utilization of the components of the technologically based paradigm. It was recognized that the problems arose due to several factors which range from the software’s lack of efficiency up to the non adherence of specific qualities of the program with the social conditions in the region as well as the team’s lack of background in relation to the efficiency the program necessitates with regards to the division of the work flow as well as its dependence upon all the players within the medical institutions that the program was implemented. Scott however stated that what should be given credence with regards to the above failed project is not so much as the failure of the program but the possibilities it opened in relation to the creation and implementation of new EMR programs in the future. Scott states, â€Å"success and failure are socially negotiable judgments, not static categories† (2007, p. 43). Hence if such is the case it is thereby possible to conceive of the problems noted by Hartswood et al (2003) in relation to the user-led characteristic of EMR. The social negotiability of judgments thereby ensures the possibility of reversals in judgments as soon as occasions arise wherein a perceived failure may be reconnected with an overall success. In line with this, the continuous developments within the various EMR systems produced and implemented within the country ensures the viability and possibility of a near success and perfection within the system which in a sense also ensures the possibility of another scientific revolution in the near future whose scope may extend beyond that of the technological sphere.

Plan: Realism in Great Expectations and Robinson Crusoe Essay

‘Realism falls short of reality. It shrinks it, attenuates it, falsifies it.’ (Eugà ¨ne Ionesco) Discuss the relation between realist literature and the world it represents. Actual Quote â€Å"Realism falls short of reality. It shrinks it, attenuates it, falsifies it; it does not take into account our basic truths and our fundamental obsessions: love, death, astonishment. It presents man in a reduced and estranged perspective. Truth is in our dreams, in the imagination.† Start by talking about realism and realist literature. Realism began in the 19th century? My interpretation of the question. Explain that the essay will respond to the quote with reference to Robinson Crusoe and Great Expectations. I will study how the texts attempt to construct reality with issues such as gender and race but do both have problematic features that support the argument raised by Ionesco. Realism began in the 19th century? Defoe seen as the father of realism Insert and analyse quotes where possible and respond to critics/opinions. Realism in Robinson Crusoe 1. Realism ‘The editor believes the thing to be a just history of fact; neither is there any appearance of fiction in it.’ (Preface to Robinson Crusoe) ‘Given its accumulation of ‘realistic’ descriptions and detail, its capacity to name and map out time and space as if it mirrored reality, realist fiction emerged as part of a culture obsessed with the truths and realities of an increasingly scientific and secular world’ (Sean Purchase, Key Concepts in Victorian Literature (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006), p. 185) ‘According to Marxist critics, for example, realist Victorian fiction†¦ embodies middle-class ideologies and values, so that the very discourse of â€Å"realism† it provides is really a middle-class adaptation of reality from the outset’ (Purchase, p. 186) In The Rise of the Novel, Ian Watt identified the following elements as  characteristic of the early novel: A concern to account for probability; a concern to tell you who, what, why, where and when. Watt describes reading a novel as like listening to evidence in a court of law. Specific, recognisable and often present-day settings. Mixed characters, characters who change over time. Celebration of private, domestic (rather than public, heroic) virtues. Plain language.  (Ian Watt, The Rise of the Novel, London: Chatto & Windus, 1957) Locate evidence of each of the above in Robinson Crusoe. You might wish to focus on the opening three pages of the novel but feel free to look at any section. Defoe’s â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† began the literary genre of realistic fiction. The aspects of his writing that define â€Å"realism† would be the immense detail he uses; descriptive language; and the flow of his narrative (dialect included). Defoe concentrates on the qualities of different objects, which provide us with a picture to accompany the words. His first clay pot, the crude fashion of his garments, and the grindstone are a few of the things we can almost touch when reading. Defoe not only introduced this genre, but I believe that in many ways he is still the master. daniel defoe expresses his work in realism via : – first person narrator. – using specific dates . – using real places – using details – fallibility – diaries http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/discuss-realism-robinson-crusoe-and-why-daniel-126439 Unrealistic Rob Cru Although we do not think too highly of the literary experience of the average 18th century reader, even he would remain sceptical after taking the author at his word. Defoe’s solution to this problem is most original: Fact is his strategy, and triviality his weapon. Of course, this technique of describing as many trivial events as possible to make the story seem more realistic, has (again) become a common aspect of almost every novel to date. In almost 400 years, we have gone from one extreme to another: From a time when it was revolutionary to introduce this formula in literature, to a time where it would be almost revolutionary not to. It may seem as if I am saying I am strongly inclined to believe that Robinson Crusoe is both a terrific book and a novel which set a new standard for literature in its time. This is true. However, I am not oblivious to some of the weaker points of the book. My foremost criticism is this; Robinson Crusoe is not a real person. He is a character, faintly disguised as a person. At first we are fooled, for all that happens seems realistic enough, but as soon as Robinson is marooned on the island, the illusion is fading. His way of living, his sudden belief, his entire way of looking at the world suggests that someone indeed did make this up. Partly, this has to do with the environment. When Defoe decided to write a more realistic novel than was usual at the time, he could have done better that to opt for an uninhabitated island. It is very difficult to make a character seem more realistic when he is completely alone. It is very hard to describe in detail solitude on such a large scale of time and still remain true to realism. Solitude may be something we have all experienced at one time or other, but Robinson’s long time completely devoid of any human contact whatsoever and his logical despair is incredibly hard to describe convincingly. Realism in Great Expectations Get presentation made in seminar real and unrealistic GE: TOPIC FOUR: Genre: Realism and sensationalism In what ways might we think of this as a realistic fiction i.e. as a fiction that represents the experience of living in the world (of materiality)? What specific features make this a ‘condition of England’ novel (if any)? You should come prepared to define this term. In what ways is this an unrealistic text? You should think about the characterisation; the plot resolutions; the theatricality of some of the scenes and events; the style in which some parts of the narrative are delivered. Find at least three examples to discuss. In considering the above, you might wish to comment on the serialised form of the original publication. Is it melodramatic? Episodic? To what extent do you feel that the more melodramatic or sensationalists aspects of the text undermine its social comment (if at all)? Realism was developed by the middle of the 19th century as a response to the idealistic world of romanticism which had dominated for the past half century. It was an aesthetic movement which attempted to hold up a mirror to its society to show a true reflection of reality. Although claiming to offer a slice of life by emphasizing chiefly in the importance of the ordinary amongst the middle and lower classes, realism is a relative concept, a representation of reality which adheres to a loose collection of conventions. Many of these are offered in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations, which follows the life and struggles of the protagonist and narrator, Pip. Dickens uses techniques such as a chronological linear narrative, an omniscient narrator, the celebration of the ordinary, and the resolution of the enigma to drive the moral undercurrents of Pip’s everyday existence. This constructed realism is essentially a representation of reality based on Dickens ideology, offerin g social commentary and reflecting the values and attitudes of nineteenth century England. The basic structure of Great Expectations follows a chronological development of Pip’s life; from his childhood innocence, to his disillusioned expectations, finally his rejection of the high life and a circular succession ending back at the beginning. This chronological structure of which Dickens narrates exemplifies Pip’s learning process through his moral and emotional turmoil and complies with the opportunity to generate a realistic setting. For example, Pip’s description of London, â€Å"a most dismal place; the skylight  eccentrically patched like a broken head, and the distorted adjoining houses looking as if they had twisted themselves to peep down at me through it,† creates an archaeologically realistic description of London, and hints a sense of foreboding, foreshadowing the futility of Pip’s expectations. This ideology developed through Pips learning process is created through a†¦ Great Expectations a novel by Charles Dickens takes reader on an epic adventure filled with unexpected encounters with a myriad of people with vastly different backgrounds that ultimately shape Pip into the man that he becomes. Pip moves from the social class that he was born to, to one that he is elevated to by an anonymous benefactor. The two people that typify the conventional expectations of romanticism and realism are Pip the protagonist and Joe Gargery the humble blacksmith. Joe clearly shows his love for Pip the entire way through the book, a love that is only acknowledged or valued until the closing pages of the book. We will look at Pip’s journey from extravagance and utter self indulgence to his ultimate enlightenment and self fulfillment. Great Expectations is narrated by an older mature Phillip Pirrip or Pip and is his reflections and recollections of his childhood through his emerging expectation, to adulthood, often seen to make fun of his younger self. Pip was reared by hand by his older malevolent sister and her meek and submissive husband Joe Gargery, after the death of his parents. The protagonist always refers to his sister as Mrs Joe, showing the reader how domineering and heavy handed she is towards not only Pip but her husband Joe. She affords little compassion or kindness to either male and you start to see the difference between the characters and their reactions to her in relation to the conventions of romance and realism. Joe lending himself to looking at life through the eyes of a realist satisfied knowing his place, where as Pip being more romantic, dreams of escape and leaving the marches for a better life. Pip was apprenticed to his brother-in –law Joe the village blacksmith, when his direction in life was to change by the chance meeting of an escaped convict in the graveyard of his parents.

Radishes and Radicals

Radishes and Radicals Radishes and Radicals Radishes and Radicals By Maeve Maddox Both words, radish and radical, derive from the Latin word for root (radix). The vegetable we call a radish is an edible root. Radical, functioning as both noun and adjective, is used with multiple meanings, depending upon context. Its earliest use in the context of politics and political thought and action dates from the late eighteenth century: That the omnipotence of the state is not lodged, by the constitution, with the people, but with the whole legislative body in parliament assembled, was a radical doctrine of this obnoxious ministry.- OED citation dated 1783 â€Å"A radical doctrine† is one that would strike at the root of an established political or social norm. A radical is â€Å"a person who advocates radical or far-reaching political or social reform.† The earliest OED citations for the noun radical are dated 1822: Love is a great leveller; a perfect Radical. General Scott said Archer was a Radical and inclined to be Jacobinical. Note: As a political term, Jacobin derives from a French political club established in 1789 with the purpose of propagating the principles of extreme democracy and absolute equality. By 1800, the word Jacobin was used to refer to any political reformer. Every society is rooted in specific institutions and conventions. At the time that radical acquired its political meanings, European society was rooted in the model of a landed elite supported by a disenfranchised working class. In the early nineteenth century, efforts to accomplish the following were seen as radical ideas in Britain and the United States: end the employment of children in factories and mines extend the vote to all men extend the vote to women end imprisonment for debt end the slave trade grant full civil rights to Catholics and Jews provide elementary schools for the children of the working classes provide humane treatment for the mentally ill The verb radicalize in the sense of â€Å"to make radical, especially politically; to imbue with radical principles† appears early in the nineteenth century (1825). The earliest citation for the noun radicalization- â€Å"the action or process of making or becoming radical, especially in political outlook†- is 1867. Among the OED citations for radicalize and the noun radicalization are references to soldiers who were radicalized by witnessing the horrors of war and to â€Å"radicalized students of the late 1960s.† These political terms have been used to describe different degrees of radicalism, as indicated in this definition of the adjective radical in the OED: radical adjective: Advocating thorough or far-reaching political or social reform; representing or supporting an extreme section of a party; specifically (also with capital initial)   (a) British belonging to, supporting, or associated with the extreme wing of the Liberal Party which called for a reform of the social and parliamentary system in the late 18th and early 19th century.  (b) U.S. belonging to a faction of the Republican Party seeking extreme action against the South during the Civil War and Reconstruction. Now more generally: revolutionary, especially, left-wing. Although in the past, radical belief was sometimes accompanied with violent behavior- e.g., John Brown, Carrie Nation, the French Revolution- it was more often contained and acted on within a framework of constitutional or parliamentary changes. A â€Å"radical† could be any person who regarded some aspect of society as unfair or undesirable and believed that the way to change it was to overturn or uproot existing norms. In that sense, suffragettes and abolitionists were radicals. Nowadays, radical, radicalize, and radicalization have come to carry connotations of a type of extremism closely association with violence. This is how The US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) defines radicalization and radical: radicalization At its root, radicalization takes the basic tenets of a faith or a political movement and carries them to extremes, extremes that often are drastic enough to adopt violence to intimidate others into accepting those extremes or to punish those who will not accept the extremes, and that process carries across lines of nationality or religion, from Mohammad Atta to Timothy McVeigh. radical The FBIdefines radical individuals as persons who encourage, endorse, condone, justify, or support the commission of a violent act or other crimes against the U.S. government, its citizens, or its allies for political, social, or economic ends. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 "Home" Idioms and ExpressionsSocial vs. SocietalWhen to Spell Out Numbers

Taoism and Confucianism Research Paper Example

Taoism and Confucianism Research Paper Example Taoism and Confucianism Paper Taoism and Confucianism Paper Essay Topic: Religion Tao Te Ching The Chinese spiritual experience is a synthesis of Taoism and Confucianism. I feel it is their shared quest that humans move away from being individuals to become a part of a greater whole, whether it is Confucius society or Lao Tzus nature. However, just as they have their similarities they, like all the other religions, have their differences, theirs being the way to becoming a part of the greater whole. In their different and similar aspirations, like the Yin and the Yang, Taoism and Confucianism is a combination which balances the Chinese character. I believe the Chinese spiritual experience is when humans strive by being or doing to become a part of the greater whole. Both Taoism and Confucianism urge humankind to shed their individuality for this goal. They both contend that individualism holds the individual back as well as fragments the essence of the greater whole. When more people become a part of it, the greater whole will become stronger. As Lao Tzu asks, What happens when 10,000 people go back into the woods? I think he might have answered the woods, nature, becomes that much greater by being able to guide life in its own way. Just as Taoism and Confucianism maintain a similar direction, they differ in other aspects. One difference they come across is what the greater whole is whether it be the Taoists nature or the Confucianists society. Another opposition they have is what process one takes in becoming a part of the greater whole. Where Taoism says the way to do is to be, Confucianism disagrees saying the way to be is to do. The two religions also differ as to what actually makes the other great. Whereas Taoism says the Tao (the way) makes people great, Confucianism teaches that people make the Tao great. I believe the most significant variance between Taoism and Confucianism is what is the greater whole. Taoists believe the greater whole to be nature. However, Confucianists feel it is society. They are both correct if we looked at the hierarchy of the Chinese experience that is self, society, nature, cosmos, and the great beyond (infinity). The difference comes in how far they travel to find the greater whole. The Confucianists stop at society because they see it as synthesis of effort put forth by every human being to make life better. Taoists look to nature because they see it as our creator and being our creator we should realize our potential to become apart of it once again. How a person becomes a part of society or nature is also a point the two religions split ways. In Taoism, the way to do is to be or simply the way to be will guide us to unity with nature. Confucianism disagrees noting the way to be is to do or plainly the way to do will make us a part of society. Taoism is the guidance of the way. The way can be defined in three manners. Taoism is the way of the ultimate reality. It is where everything originated yet we can only experience. There are no words or pictures to describe it, and all we can know is it is within us, it is outside us, it is everywhere and nowhere. Taoism is the way of the universe. It is the driving power in everything which exists. It is natures orderer. It puts everything in its place without any spark of prejudice. Taoism is the way of human life. It is humans emulating water. It is humans doing by not doing. It is humans allowing nature to guide them. Confucianism follows the way of doing. Its model figure is the Chun Tzu who in our society could be likened to a moral leader. Humans strive to become the Chun Tzu (Superior Man) because they must serve others. To become a Chun Tzu, one must first follow the way of Jen by respecting themselves and maintaining a sensitivity towards all humanity. One must strive to be just to others and to be understanding of others emotions. One must also follow the Silver Rule of not doing those things they would not have others do to them. Another division between the two religions is their contrasting beliefs as to what force makes the other great. Taoists believe it is the way or the Tao that makes humans great. This is because it is the Tao by which humans are able to rejoin with nature. By rejoining nature, we are able to regain power in allowing nature to do things or things to do themselves. However, Confucianists believe it is humans that make the Tao great. This is because only through the efforts of humans can society become great. Humans make the Tao great by choosing to follow it, giving power to its force. There are opposite forces in all corners of life. There is no day without night and no good without evil. Like the Yin and the Yang, these opposing forces are halves of a greater whole. Just as these forces merge to create a vivid existence so too does Taoism and Confucianism combine to create a brilliance in the Chinese Character. Without one the other would be greatly flawed, but their joined beliefs and practices make the one as well as the infinite greater. It is not hard to see that our western society could learn a lesson from the teachings of Lao Tzu and Confucius. Nature which we have coldly ravaged and our own streets would be safer. Politicians would actually work for the society instead of the powerful few. Even art would be supported for its value in bringing people together. However, we could never hope to attain the dedication both require because of our deeply rooted individualistic attitudes. If we followed the practices of Confucianism and we believed that serving others is great honor, then our western world would be a safer one. There would be no illegal drug use or sells for we would know this is harmful to those we live to serve. There would be no crime for we would live by sharing all that we have with others eliminating the main cause of crime, the desire to have what we do not have. Life as we know it would be transformed into a peaceful world where we care for others regardless of who they are. If politics were conducted based on Confucianism, the government would be a vessel for society. Politicians would not be indentured to private causes driven by personal gain because they would believe that their purpose is to serve society. They would be the rightful protectors of all they govern. They would also uphold the principles of Li for they would understand that they have been given a chance to make society greater and to maintain its greatness. If we followed Taoism or Confucianism, we would fully support the arts of our days. We would provide the means for artist to flourish and places to share their works. There would be no art critics for the purpose of art is to bring society together. Critics are deconstructionists and they would be a hindrance in the natural expression of art. It is in the naturalism of art that the two religions find its power of unity. Run by the Chinese religions, our society would appreciate art not because peoples analysis finds it excellent but because art is a grounds of bringing people together. We look to the stars in search of our future when we only need look at ourselves to find it. Before we can reach the stars we must be one entity. I believe this is the overall lesson of the Chinese religions that to be great we must be unified. Imagine what we could become and where we could go if we have our opposite forces working together. Once this were to happen, nothing could ever work against us.

The Moundbuilder Myth Debunked

The Moundbuilder Myth Debunked The Moundbuilder myth is a story believed, wholeheartedly, by Euroamericans in North America well into the last decades of the 19th and even into the 20th century. The central myth was that indigenous people who lived in what is today the United States were incapable of engineering of the thousands of prehistoric earthworks found by the newcomers and must have been built by some other race of people. That myth served as justification for the plan to exterminate Native Americans and take their property. It was debunked in the late 19th century. Key Takeaways: Moundbuilder Myth The Moundbuilder Myth was created in the mid-19th century to explain a disconnect within the thought processes of Euroamerican settlers.  The settlers appreciated the thousands of mounds on their new properties, but could not bear to credit mound construction to the Native American people they were displacing.  The myth credited the mounds to a fictional race of beings which had been driven out by the Native American residents.  The Moundbuilder Myth was disproven in the late 1880s.  Many thousands of earthen mounds were purposefully destroyed after the myth was dispelled. Early Explorations and the Mound Builders The earliest expeditions of Europeans into the Americas were by the Spanish who found living, vigorous and advanced civilizations- the Inca, the Aztecs, the Maya all had versions of state societies. The Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto even found the true mound builders, when he visited the chiefdoms of the Mississippians running their sophisticated communities from Florida to the Mississippi River between 1539–1546. Circa 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto (c.1500–1542) and his men journey across America on one of their expeditions in search of treasure. Original Artwork: Painting by Frederic Remington. MPI / Stringer / Getty Images But the English who came to North America convinced themselves first that the people already inhabiting the land they were settling were literally descended from the Canaanites from Israel. As the European colonization moved westward, the newcomers continued to meet Native people some of whom were already devastated by diseases, and they began to find thousands of examples of massive earthworks- very tall mounds like Cahokias Monks Mound in Illinois, as well as mound groups, and mounds in various geometric shapes, spiral mounds, and bird and other animal effigies. The Great Serpent Mound in Adams County, Ohio, built and used by the Adena people between 800 BCE and 400 CE. This protected historical earthworks is nearly a quarter of a mile long and represents a giant snake holding an egg in its jaws. Photo by MPI/Getty Images A Myth is Born The earthworks encountered by the Europeans were a source of great fascination to the new settlers- but only after they convinced themselves that the mounds had to have been built by a superior race, and that couldnt be the Native Americans. Because the new Euroamerican settlers could not, or did not want to, believe that the mounds had been built by the Native American peoples they were displacing as fast as they could, some of them- including the scholarly community- began to formulate a theory of the lost race of mound builders. The moundbuilders were said to be a race of superior beings, perhaps one of the Lost Tribes of Israel, or ancestors of Mexicans, who were killed off by later people. Some amateur excavators of the mounds claimed that the skeletal remains in them were of very tall individuals, who certainly could not be Native Americans. Or so they thought. Restored Mississippian palisaded mound group at Aztalan State Park in Wisconsin, fancifully named for the ancient home town of the Aztecs. MattGush / iStock / Getty Images Plus It was never an official government policy that the engineering feats were made by someone other than the indigenous residents, but the theory did bolster arguments supporting the manifest destiny of European desires. Many of the earliest settlers of the midwest were at least initially proud of the earthworks on their properties and did much to preserve them. Debunking the Myth By the late 1870s, however, scholarly research led by Cyrus Thomas (1825–1910) of the Smithsonian Institution and Frederick Ward Putnam (1839–1915) of the Peabody Museum reported conclusive evidence that there was no physical difference between the people buried in the mounds and modern Native Americans. Subsequent DNA research has proven that time and again.  Scholars then and today recognized that the ancestors of modern Native Americans were responsible for all of the prehistoric mound constructions in North America. Unintended Consequences Members of the public were harder to convince, and if you read county histories into the 1950s, you will still see stories about the Lost Race of Moundbuilders. Scholars did their best to convince people that the Native Americans were the architects of the mounds, by giving lecture tours and publishing newspaper stories. That effort backfired. Unfortunately, once the myth of a Lost Race was dispelled, the settlers lost interest in the mounds, and many if not most of the thousands of mounds in the American midwest were destroyed as settlers simply plowed away the evidence that a civilized, intelligent and capable people had been driven from their rightful lands. Selected Sources Clark, Mallam. R. The Mound Builders:  An American Myth. Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 23 (1976): 145–75. Print.Denevan, William M. The Pristine Myth: The Landscape of the Americas in 1492. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82.3 (1992): 369–85. Print.Mann, Rob. Intruding on the Past: The Reuse of Ancient Earthen Mounds by Native Americans. Southeastern Archaeology 24.1 (2005): 1–10. Print.McGuire, Randall H. Archeology and the First Americans. American Anthropologist 94.4 (1992): 816–36. Print.Peet, Stephen D. Comparison of the Effigy Builders with the Modern Indians. American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal 17 (1895): 19–43. Print.Trigger, Bruce G. Archaeology and the Image of the American Indian. American Antiquity 45.4 (1980): 662–76. Print.Watkins, Joe. Indigenous Archaeology: American Indian Values and Scientific Practice. Lanham, MD: Alta Mira Press, 2000. Print.Wymer, Dee Anne. On the Edge of the Secular and the Sacred: Hopewell Mound-Builder Archaeology in Context. Antiquity 90.350 (2016): 532–34. Print.

Judges of colorado state Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Judges of colorado state - Essay Example This is a tax policy change resulting in a net returns gain in which, according to the Constitution, voters should approve (Arnold 2). In 1988, the legislature codified the judicial routine commission notion. The legislation formed a statewide commission on judicial performance. This commission oversees the appraisal of county and district court trial judges and assesses the appellate court judges. Due to the formation of this commission, it is likely that some of the judges of the Colorado state will be re-elected. This will be highly based on their performance during their service (Jean 2). The commission follow a certain procedure in assessing judges: reliability; awareness and understanding of substantive, ceremonial, and evidentiary law; communication skills; grounding, consideration, and control over judicial procedures; sentencing practices; docket administration and timely case disposition; managerial skills; regularity; efficiency in working with participants in the judicial procedure; and service to the legal occupation and the public. Based on the above criteria, most of the Colorado judges should not be re-elected. This is highly because these judges do not adhere to the above qualities (Jean 3). The court of Colorado committed further constitutional contraventions, which included assaults on property rights, gun rights, and capsized the death punishment for a convicted hijacker, rapist or murderer since a pair of jurors was suspected to have quoted biblical lines in sentencing discussions (Arnold 3). The Supreme Court has evaluated heavily, essential constitutional issues for instance taxes, schools, and the appropriate function for courts in the last few years. The court has produced contentious written verdicts on these and other concerns that affect Colorado citizens. Voters in Colorado are going to wish for

Marketing Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Environment - Essay Example Marketing environment on the other hand can be viewed through analysis of factors and forces that influence and/or affects firm’s ability to build and maintain a long lasting relationship with its clients that later necessitate application of the marketing management strategies (Sheehan, 2011, 6). Marketing environment can be analysed in three broad categories to include micro environment analysis that calls for evaluation of factors and forces within the business and unearthing the ways in which they affect business’ ability to serve its clients (Luck & Chartered Institute of Marketing, 2010, 13). Instruments of evaluation in this kind of analysis include the company itself to include all its operational departments, firm’s suppliers, marketing intermediaries, publics and analysis of customer market. Macro environment analysis calls for evaluation of forces that are outside the firm’s direct involvement and influence which in the long run affects the micr o environment factors and thus affecting the firm’s operations. Instruments of evaluation in this analysis include demography, culture, natural calamities such as earthquakes, droughts and storms; analysis of the economy, politics and technology. Meso- environment analysis seek to evaluate the impacts of market intermediaries and their contribution to selling, promotions and distribution of goods and services in relation to the competitive aspect of the market and the firm’s competitive advantage. In this paper we shall evaluate the marketing environment of Walt Disney Holidays in relation to its market share/ leadership and the competitive advantage it possesses in the industry; evaluate importance of market research, market mix and service innovation for the firm, and later recommend marketing techniques to increase competitiveness and sustainability. Market Share Being in the tourism industry, analysis of pricing signals and measures to improve client satisfaction s uch as service innovations are prerequisite for market leadership. Service innovations such as â€Å"see dreams come true† whereby they have taken technology and consumer satisfaction to the next level necessitates their competitive advantage (Greenblatt, 2013, 11) over the other tour/ holiday firms by giving clients a new experience of living on ice as compared to other firms which may choose to let their clients experience the ice on visual aspects only. Their pricing signal evaluation; adoption of technology in majority of holiday segments and the coupon promotion strategies to various destination has enabled establish a significant market share in tourism industry. Micro environment analysis With outlets in Florida and a wide network of resorts in the United Kingdom, effective management of its internal departments such as finance, research and development, marketing and supplies, and the overall customer satisfaction segment will be essential to the sustainability of the ir operations (Fayolle & Kyro, 2008, 2). For instance the research and development section needs to come up with features of a product or service in the resorts segments that holistically attracts more customers by giving the firm competitive advantage over other holiday firms while the accounting department will approve the financial side of the marketing plan and budget on the customer satisfaction strategies. Suppliers and Supply analysis Supply of basis services in the resorts business is changing with time

International marketing - Wedgwood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International marketing - Wedgwood - Essay Example The Russian economy grew at 6% and 8.1% in 2008 and 2007 respectively, and witnessed an average GDP growth rate of 7% over the last decade. By 2008, the country had a forex reserve of $600 billion. The country is also looking at entering the WTO or the World trade organisation. GDP stood at $1.757 trillion in the year 2008. (Russia, April 2009) Goldman Sachs has predicted that Russia along with Brazil, India and China would become larger in terms of size than the present US and European economic powers over the next forty years. According to the report the Russian economy would surpass the economies of Italy, France, UK and Germany by the years 2018, 2024, 2027 and 2028 respectively. It is also being claimed that by 2050 Russia will be the only country amongst the BRIC nations which would have per capita income equivalent or to big European economies. By 2050 Russia would also have the highest per capita income among the BRIC countries. (Dreaming With BRICs: The Path to 2050, 2003) ( Hult T., 2009). The country has also got a growing middle class which constituted 45% of the total population in 2003 (Senaeur B., and Goetz L., March 2003). Recent reports have also pointed out the positives and strengths of the retail sector in Russia. In a recent report Russia has been ranked 3rd in terms of the attractiveness of retail market and retail development opportunities within a group of 30 countries (A.T. Kearney Global Retail Development Index, 2008). Moreover about 39% of the population in the country is between the 15 to 39 age group. Carrefour and IKEA are just some of the global marquee name operating in Russia. Growing middle class with increasing disposable income and high rate of economic growth makes Russia an attractive retail destination for global majors and local companies as well. (A.T. Kearney Global Retail Development Index, 2008). Factors Affecting Entry Mode Decisions Internal factors: UK based Wedgwood is famous for its high end china tableware and other home d'cor stuff. It is looking at expanding into markets like Russia. Characteristics of desired mode:Low need of financial expenditure at the initial stage then increased chances of higher ROI at a later stage. Specific factors in context of Transaction: Russia is socio economically quite different from Western economies, owing to its communist past. So it won't be easy for Wedgwood to select the Licensee partner. External Factors: FDI policy in Russia has improved as the leaders across political dispensations have started welcoming FDI into the country (Minniti M. et. al, ). This is evident from the fact that total FDI over the period 2002 to 2006 increased 20 times over. It stood at $52 billion in the year 2007 (Souza L.V.D., April 2008). Recommended mode Academic literature provides various theories in context of choosing the mode of entry into a foreign market. Sequential iterative model of Young et al. (1989) the four factors which affect the entry mode by Hollensen (2007: 298) when

Sport and the Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sport and the Media - Essay Example Furthermore, because of the evolution of the mass media, there is an emergence of sports stars (Raney, 2006). Examples include Tiger Woods, Christiano Ronaldo, David Beckham, etc. These people normally occupy the front pages of newspaper organizations, and other forms of mass media. They are popular because of the media, and as a result, they are able to earn a lot of money from sponsorship deals and agreements. Without such kind of reporting, these sports personalities cannot get the popularity that they have. Furthermore, sports organizations normally get a lot of money, by charging media rights. These are fees that the media pay to sports organizations, for airing their matches. Billings (2011) explains that this money is usually huge, when compared to the gate collections that these sports organizations are able to collect. Based on this fact, sports heavily rely on the media, as sources of revenues, and for advertisements. Without the media, it is impossible for sports to become a multi-billion dollar industry. In as much as sports rely heavily on the media, the media also relies on sports. This is because they are able to attract male viewers, who love sports. Furthermore, newspaper organizations have sports sections, and this helps them to increase circulation, hence revenues (Raney, 2006). Despite the importance of the media, in the industry, there are numerous issues that have arisen. Some of these issues include the quality of reporting by journalists, and their professionalism. Furthermore, controversy exists, on whether journalists are serious about their reporting, or they are motivated by the fun, of being sportsmen. In conclusion therefore, the media plays an influential role in sports management, and it is a source of revenue for sports team. On the other hand, the media also benefits from sports, and this is because it relies on it, for increased sales, and circulation. It is therefore prudent to

Job Security between India and Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Job Security between India and Japan - Essay Example Moreover, the current report will also execute the theoretical and practical implications of the IR transformation outlook. The laws of employment dominating India, the newly industrialized country are of a safeguarding nature to the employees. They permit the policies of workers’ retrenchment or lay-offs but only with government’s approval. On the other hand, the condition of labor in Japan, the advance-industrialized country, gives a differing outlook. The practices of labor, there, depict distinguishing aspects, of which, the most prominent is the ‘lifetime employment’. This assists the workers in the provision of beneficial behavior by hiring those schools, maintaining retaining, and developing them in the companies or organizations until they are 55-60 years. This provision of lifetime guarantee does not require the workers to sign any particular contract and is flexible towards the employees throughout their job. Various researches and studies regarding the employment security in India depict that the rate of unemployment in India is higher than that of Japan. The Indian Government is responsible to formulate the laws of industrial relations. Some of such IR laws prevailing in India are worth mentioning in the context of the report. Moreover, the IR laws in India are distinguished by the Industrial Relations laws of other countries through the feature that it does not provide for trade unions to be acknowledged as the collective bargaining agents. Under the TUA, only registering of the union does not give it the status of a legal and autonomous representative of the employees in the organization (Sarkar 2011). The Industrial Law makes it mandatory for the government to interfere in tackling any disputes that emerge in the organizations and its activities. According to the provisions of the Industrial Disputes

Procurement process_3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Procurement process_3 - Essay Example professionals require constantly monitoring the employees with the aim of ensuring employees’ safety, developing immigration laws and employment tax based regulations. In addition, the professionals are also required to be equipped with broader decision making capabilities so that they can make effective decisions in order to mitigate the risks attached with employee deployment (Krell, 2012). In the present changing business scenario, business professionals are required to identify risks that are associated with management and deployment of human resources (HR) in terms of monitoring the operations of the employees relating to their temporary along with permanent assignments. In this respect, the mobility professionals recognise HR risks by constantly monitoring the activities of the employees for the purpose of mitigating unfavourable impacts in relation to security as well as logistics, family dynamics and effects of cost cutting. In order to address the HR risks, the mobility professionals should possess adequate knowledge along with expertise on different grounds that include financial acumen, immigration law, importance of preserving effective employee relation and knowledge of taxation among others. The two key criteria in accordance with which professionals should evaluate family issues posed by personnel include decision making and business needs (Cascio, 2010). In relation to determine the effect of poor project screening methods, the provided article signified that this particular method unfavourably affected the operations along with the performances of business organisations. This might be owing to the reason that ineffective screening methods lead towards inappropriate management of employees, which eventually results in higher employee turnover. This could be regarded as one of the imperative aspects, which demonstrated by the provided article concerning the effect of poor project screening methods on a firm’s ability to manage employees

Job Security between India and Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Job Security between India and Japan - Essay Example Moreover, the current report will also execute the theoretical and practical implications of the IR transformation outlook. The laws of employment dominating India, the newly industrialized country are of a safeguarding nature to the employees. They permit the policies of workers’ retrenchment or lay-offs but only with government’s approval. On the other hand, the condition of labor in Japan, the advance-industrialized country, gives a differing outlook. The practices of labor, there, depict distinguishing aspects, of which, the most prominent is the ‘lifetime employment’. This assists the workers in the provision of beneficial behavior by hiring those schools, maintaining retaining, and developing them in the companies or organizations until they are 55-60 years. This provision of lifetime guarantee does not require the workers to sign any particular contract and is flexible towards the employees throughout their job. Various researches and studies regarding the employment security in India depict that the rate of unemployment in India is higher than that of Japan. The Indian Government is responsible to formulate the laws of industrial relations. Some of such IR laws prevailing in India are worth mentioning in the context of the report. Moreover, the IR laws in India are distinguished by the Industrial Relations laws of other countries through the feature that it does not provide for trade unions to be acknowledged as the collective bargaining agents. Under the TUA, only registering of the union does not give it the status of a legal and autonomous representative of the employees in the organization (Sarkar 2011). The Industrial Law makes it mandatory for the government to interfere in tackling any disputes that emerge in the organizations and its activities. According to the provisions of the Industrial Disputes

Morgan Spurlocks Supersize me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Morgan Spurlocks Supersize me - Essay Example Spurlock's movie tried on experimenting about eating only McDonald's food product in 30 days. They tried to see if fast food is really a big factor on the ongoing obesity problem in America. According to Spurlock's documentary movie, it's over 37% of American children and adolescents are having too much fat and 2 out of every three adults are obese. He chose McDonalds Fast food for it is found in almost all over the world and even almost everywhere in America. McDonalds is also one of the big companies who influences well people about fast foods due to their advertisements. With the ongoing epidemia, who are we really to blame for this, those fast foods or us Should we also consider our own self to be responsible for being obese Though fast foods are everywhere and are very convenient especially for busy people, there is still a very big factor to be considered on self discipline when it comes to the food we take in. Even if McDonalds have their products advertised well in televisions, radios, and in adds, we always have a choice to be persuaded by them and buy food from this fast food or not. We are responsible for our own health and that includes much about the food we eat everyday. McDonalds power over their advertisements to the people, especially to the children only needs proper understanding about the consequences upon always eating fast foods. Those parents should educate their children at early age about what they can really get out of those fast foods. Parents may even improvise their way of cooking food for their children so they will not crave for those fast foods anymore. Since children are more vulnerable to be persuaded by advertisements, discipline should start home.Second, this education should not only be at home but should also be extended to schools and offices. They should encourage their canteens to prepare healthy foods for healthy living. But this doesn't say we should totally not eat in fast foods, we only mean to eat their occasionally. We can hold our parties there but never eat their everyday. Fast foods can also regulate the food they serve to their customers. They should think a way to sell foods that are nutritious and are not health hazards. In this way, there will be less blame to them about the epidemia of obesity. Though children are educated by their parents, parents should serve also a good example or model to their kids. If a child sees what their parents do they think it's good and proper. Though advertisements are everywhere, it is still the parents that should greatly influence their children. Not only the parents should influence them but should always be seconded by the schools they are in to study. Spurlock did a good documentary movie. Though everything seems to be perfectly presented in the movie, it is not only the fast food eating routine that should be looked at.Different people have also different routines and work everyday. It is not only walking and eating that they do that can affect their health but there are a lot of other things. Our health is also greatly affected of our emotions, lifestyle, and environment. Fast foods may appear to be one of the causes of obesity but not it has no big factor compared to what we always do everyday. If we are really that lazy who always sleep and do nothing (exercise) then obesity is not impossible for us to happen. Psychological problems can even cause obesity. "When

American Me - Poem Essay Example for Free

American Me Poem Essay The poem American Me, written by Ninfa Miranda-Maloney, tells the story of a Mexican immigrant who comes to the United States to live the American dream. The author incorporates ethnic aspects with her use of Spanish words sprinkled in amongst the poem. With his â€Å"spit shine shoes† (Miranda-Maloney, n. d, line 10) and â€Å"brillantina-slick back hair† (Miranda-Maloney, n. d. , line 11), a picture is painted of a young man’s pride in himself as he begins the journey of a lifetime. This is a young man ready for his new life in America. The tone quickly changes, however, as he probably soon realizes that the dream is not what he had in mind. In San Eli, where he â€Å"lived on thank yous and maybes† (Miranda-Maloney, n. d. , line 23), the reader gets the sense that the man was taken advantage of and worked hard for little compensation. The most powerful lines in the poem are â€Å"kissed your white land, broke my back, sweat a few tears for a piece of the dream† (Miranda-Maloney, n. d. , lines 27, 28, 29). The author has incorporated a racial aspect in the poem by showing referring to the white land. This is not his land, this is the â€Å"white land†. He is doing back breaking labor for â€Å"whites†, probably not what he expected as the young man full of hope chasing the American dream. The author also includes social class aspects in this poem. The poem ends with the man, now here in the United States for fifty years, still smelling the onions on his fingertips. (Miranda-Maloney, n. d. ) This leads me to believe the man is still working in the onion fields fifty years after arriving in the United States. A generalization can be made that a person from a lower social class would need to continue to work past retirement age to make ends meet. I grew up in a poor neighborhood in California. My community included many immigrants here in the United States both illegally and legally. The immigrants I have known throughout my life are generally proud Americans, though there are the few that grow bitter because their American ideals and dreams have not been met. They work hard doing difficult work for little money and not much appreciation. While I don’t personally identify with the poem, I am able to sympathize with the character as he could represent a number of people I know. My grandmother emigrated to California before my mother was born. She came to the States with the dream of giving her children a better life than the one they’d likely have in El Salvador. Throughout my life, she’s told me the stories of moving here and settling the family in the area. It was difficult for her, working many hours as a maid, but she did it for the benefit of her children. Many times throughout her first few years in the states, she considering going back home. The dream she envisioned was hardly her reality at first. I can’t imagine how difficult it would be to go to a different country where you don’t speak the language or know the culture but it happens regularly in this country. At the end of the day, the United States is a country made up of immigrants, most of which are just chasing the dream as well.

The Challenges Faced By Kingfisher Airlines Commerce Essay

The Challenges Faced By Kingfisher Airlines Commerce Essay While starting this assignment, I was required to conduct my research based on any company or organization. This could prove to be very tricky as the company selected should have been both challenging as well as with some scope for applying managerial theories. Kingfisher:-Kingfisher is an Kingfisher based in Mumbai, India, and focuses primarily on domestic routes, along with several international services to neighboring countries in Asia. Kingfisher is state-owned, and is administered by the Ministry of Civil Aviation. It is one of the two flag carriers of India, the other being Air India. The Kingfisher was rebranded as Indian for advertising purposes as a part of a program to revamp its image in preparation for an initial public offering (IPO). The Kingfisher operates closely with Air India, Indias national carrier. Alliance Air, a fully-owned subsidiary of Kingfisher, was renamed Air India Regional. In 2007, the Government of India announced that Kingfisher would be merged into Air India. As part of the merger process, a new company called the National Aviation Company of India Limited (NACIL) was established, into which both Air India (along with Air India Express) and Kingfisher] (along with Alliance Air) will be merged. Once the merg er is complete, the Kingfisher which will be called Air India will continue to be headquartered in Mumbai and will have a fleet of over 130 aircraft. C:Documents and SettingskamalDesktop64748.jpg History:- Kingfisher Kingfisher is a private airline based in Bangalore, India. Currently, it holds the status of Indias largest domestic airline, providing world-class facilities to its customers. Owned by Vijay Mallya of United Beverages Group, Kingfisher Kingfisher started its operations on May 9, 2005, with a fleet of 4 brand new Airbus A320, a flight from Mumbai to Delhi to start with. The airline currently operates on domestic as well as international routes, covering a number of major cities, both in and outside India. In a short span of time, Kingfisher Kingfisher has carved a niche for itself in the civil aviation industry. Kingfisher Kingfisher proved to be a stiff competition for other domestic Kingfisher of India, with its brand new aircraft, stylish red interiors, stylishly dressed cabin crew and ground staff. The airline introduced in-flight entertainment (IFE) systems, for the first time to Indian consumers. The IFE systems were provided on every seat, even on the dom estic flights. The airline offers attractive services to its on board passengers. Years following its inception proved to be beneficial for the airline, in terms of its booming business, with a good track record of customer satisfaction. However, it faced a worsening economic scenario in 2008 MANAGEMENT Management in all business areas and human organization activity is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources. Because organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. This view opens the opportunity to manage oneself, a pre-requisite to attempting to manage others Management can also refer to the person or people who perform the act(s) of management. Basic functions of management:- Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing, leading/directing, and controlling/monitoring. * Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future (today, next week, next month, next year, over the next 5 years, etc.) and generating plans for action. * Organizing: (Implementation) making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans. * Staffing: Job analyzing, recruitment, and hiring individuals for appropriate jobs. * Leading/Directing: Determining what needs to be done in a situation and getting people to do it. * Controlling/Monitoring: Checking progress against plans, which may need modification based on feedback. Management hierarchy In an organization:- The management of an organization may have three levels:- Senior management (or top management or upper management) Middle management Low-level management, such as supervisors or team-leaders Top-level management:- * Require an extensive knowledge of management roles and skills. * They have to be very aware of external factors such as markets. * Their decisions are generally of a long-term nature * Their decisions are made using analytic, directive, conceptual and/or behavioral/participative processes * They are responsible for strategic decisions. * They have to chalk out the plan and see that plan may be effective in the future. * They are executive in nature. Middle management:- * Mid-level managers have a specialized understanding of certain managerial tasks. * They are responsible for carrying out the decisions made by top-level management. Lower management:- * This level of management ensures that the decisions and plans taken by the other means employees. * Lower-level managers decisions are generally short-term ones. Management Theories:- These are three basic management theories:- Classical Viewpoint (scientific management, bureaucratic management, administrative management) Behavioral Viewpoint (Hawthorne studies, human relations movement, behavioral science approach) Quantitative Viewpoint (management science, operations management, management information systems) 1. Classical Viewpoint:-It includes Scientific management Bureaucratic management Administrative management Scientific management: Scientific management is defined as the use of the scientific method to define the one best way for a job to be done. Taylors Four Principles of Scientific Management:- 1. Study each part of the task scientifically, and develop a best method to perform it. 2. Carefully select workers and train them to perform a task using the scientifically developed method. 3. Cooperate fully with workers to ensure they use the proper method. 4. Divide work and responsibility so management is responsible for planning work methods using scientific principles and workers are responsible for executing the work accordingly. Bureaucratic management:- GENERAL ADMINIST Characteristics of Webers ideal bureaucracy The major characteristics of Webers ideal bureaucracy include for an organization:- a. Specialization of a labor b. Formalization of rules and procedures c. Impersonality in application of rules and sanctions d. Formalization of lines of authority into a hierarchical structure Effectively. Max Weber Theory of Administrative Management:- The role of administrative management concludes that all activities that occur in business organizations could be divided into six main groups:- Technical (production, manufacturing) Commercial (buying, selling, exchange) Financial (obtaining and using capital) Security (protection of property and persons) Accounting (balance sheet, stocktaking, statistics, costing) Managerial (planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, controlling). Fayals 14 principles of management:- Division of labor: work must be subdivided to facilitate specialization; Authority: authority and responsibility should go hand in hand; Discipline; discipline is important to develop obedience, diligence, energy and respect; Unity of command: subordinates must report to one superior; Unity of direction: all operations with the same objective must have one manager and one plan; Subordination of individual interest to general interest: the interest of one individual or group should not dominate the interest of the enterprise as a whole; Remuneration: remuneration and all other methods of payment should be fair; Centralization: managers always hold final responsibility but should delegate certain authority to subordinates; Scalar chain: a clear line of authority or chain of command should extend from the highest to the lowest level of an enterprise. This helps to ensure an orderly flow of information and complements the principle of unity of command; Order: there is a place for everything and everything in its place. Proper scheduling of work and timetables to complete work is important. This can facilitate the channeling of materials to the right place at the right time; Equity: employees should be treated with kindness and justice; Stability of tenure of personnel: management should work towards obtaining long-term commitments from staff and avoid unnecessary turnover of staff which is costly and works against overall goal accomplishment; Initiative: workers should feel like an active part of the organization through conceiving and executing plans in order to develop their capacity to the fullest; Esprit de corps: harmony and union help to build the strength of an enterprise. It is an extension of the principle of unity of command, emphasizing the need for teamwork and the importance of communication. Contribution of the classical viewpoint for an organization:- Highlights the need for a scientific approach to management. Points out that work methods often can be improved through study. Identifies a number of important principles that are useful in running organization efficiently. 2. Behavioral Viewpoint: -From this viewpoint of management of personal reactions (thoughts, feelings, and behaviors) rather than solely from the problem-solving perspective, this orientation involves conceptual input and feedback interwoven with trainee self-examination and practice of new behaviors in a structured human relations training context. Hawthorne studies: -The Hawthorne studies, initially undertake to investigate the relationship between work-place conditions and worker productivity, introduced a wide range of topics to the field of management study. individual work behavior is driven by a complex set of factors, work groups develop norms which mediate between the needs of the individual and institution, employees should not be considered appendages of machinery, awareness of employee sentiments and participation can reduce resistance to change, the workplace is an interlocking social system, not simply production system, social structure maintained through Symbols of prestige and power These findings opened the door to the study of client-centered therapy, small group behavior, and organization theory and research methodology. Human Relations Movement: It is defined as a movement in management thinking and practice that emphasized satisfaction of employees basic needs as the key to increased worker productivity. Because it is impossible to cover all aspects of the human relations movement, I will relate the Hawthorne Studies and focus on three key points to discuss the advantages and problems 1. Respecting and concerning with workers 2. Understanding and satisfying the employees wants and needs 3. Working together and encouraging workers. The reason workers are motivated by such things is that individuals have a deep psychological need to believe that their organization cares about them, is open, concerned, and willing to listen. Human Relations Movement Behavioral science approach: The behavioral approach to view management from a social and psychological perspective. This concern about the well-being of the workers and wants them to be treated as people, not as a part of the machines. Introduction to the behavioral science approach Advocates of the human relations movement believe that if managers focused on employees rather than on mechanistic production, then workers would become more satisfied and thus, more productive. They supported the notion that managers should be paternalistic and nurturing in order to build work groups that could be productive and satisfied. The behavioral science movement stressed the need for scientific studies of the human element of organizations. This model for management emphasizes the need for employees to grow and develop in order to maintain a high level of self-respect and remain productive workers. Theory X and Theory Y developed by Douglas McGregor also emphasized about these things. 3. Quantitative Viewpoint: -Quantitative Management (also known as Operations Research) of a systematic and scientific approach to problem solving and decision making in complex Environments and situations of uncertainty and conflict act. Quantitative Management is a practical field. It can be applied in many areas: manufacturing, businesses management, banking, environmental planning, mining, housing and engineering projects, management consultancy in fact, in every situation where numerical data are available and management or decision making takes place. Management Science:- A discipline(a branch of knowledge)that attempts to aid managerial decision making by applying a scientific approach to managerial problems that involve quantitative factors ,management science is also called operations research (OR).A rational, structured approach to problem solving and often takes a quantitative view of decision making. Operations management: -Operations management is an area of business concerned with the production of goods and services, and involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as little resource as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs (in the forms of materials, labor and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and services). Operations traditionally refer to the production of goods and services separately, although the distinction between these two main types of operations is increasingly difficult to make as manufacturers tend to merge product and service offerings. More generally, Operations Management aims to increase the content of value-added activities in any given process. Fundamentally, these value-adding creative activities should be aligned with market opportunity (see Marketing) for optimal enterprise performance. Management information system: -A management information system (MIS) is a subset of the overall internal controls of a business covering the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy systems applied in operational activities in the organization. Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making, e.g. Decision Support Systems, Expert systems, and Executive information systems. Information is the lifeblood of all organizations now more than ever. MIS professionals work as systems analysts, project managers, systems administrators, etc., communicating directly with staff and management across the organization. APPLICATION OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES The above mentioned theories play an active role in framing any organization and company nowadays. If well-implemented, these theories can bring out the best in an organization leading to tremendous progress, both financially and productively. Kingfisher is one such company utilizing the merits offered by these management and administrative theories. Implementation of Scientific management Employee Recruitment: Kingfisher follows a very transparent policy in its employee recruitment system. For the job to be done it is of almost importance that the individual must be well-qualified and should possess the right skills or tools; and this is exactly what Kingfisher considers during its selection-process. Training and development: Kingfisher followed by detailed training and development programmer for their new recruits, they are familiar with the operating environment, and trained to provide the company wants and needs.  Employees are trained in their specific areas such as company decides the tasks to be performed by workers. Division of labor: Kingfisher goes a well Structured Hierarchy of authority to cause minimum fuss management. Work here is evenly divided between management and Employees, as each is given work appropriate to them. In Kingfisher, no particular section is to Burdened with excessive work, in a proper division of labor. Standardization: A specific pattern is set for the work to be carried out at Kingfisher and everyone is well-aware of their duties and responsibilities. Before starting any job, our company first decides the way to carry out that job, resulting in standardization. Work place environment: Kingfisher competitive and creative attempt to exceed an employees ability to protect them across borders and good spirit of cooperation between workers Companion spirit of fair play, the companys smooth operation and a healthy work environment. IMPLEMENTATION OF BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT: Distribution of workload: Our company, Kingfisher completely concurs with Max Weber when he describes distribution of work as one of the traits in bureaucracy. Here at Kingfisher, there is even division of workload and no extra stress in put on our employees. Defined hierarchy: Work done really effectively and professionally at Kingfisher as we followed a very well-defined hierarchy.  Our institution is a full hierarchy of structure and, therefore, highly proficient We Kingfisher fully working manners and ethics, which is vital for all organizations.  Detailed rules and regulations are strictly according to our life and work is always done with established and appointed .Impersonal relationship: Abandoned in favor of strictly on our company as we believe that a person should hold office based on their work and not because of personal contacts or social status.  Corruption is an aspect that can never be found in kingfisher.  Due to the transparency of our company. Formal authority: The position that each and every employee holds is made clear in our company so that the manager can exercise his/her formal authority at the workplace. Technical competence: Only those who meet the conditions sufficient for the job is placed in the position of our company.  The work-related concerns with other responsibilities and authority that does not interfere with the proper development to four companies. Thus, by applying the theory of manaeaucracy by Weber always, our organization has successfully achieved the maximum production employed and our employees, while maintaining good employees satisfaction corruption and  favoritism are not really pleased IMPLEMENTATION OF ADMINSTRATIVE MANAGEMENT Forecasting and planning: Kingfisher has a team of dedicated professionals working on the future of our organization.  We always plan ahead and predict any kind of obstacle or obstacles in our path and plan to remove them accordingly.  Strategic planning is important. Organization: Our concept of organization is one of the most famous one, companies in the world.  We are aware of the extensive development of our people, and service resources. Co-ordination: As our business is distributed in various regions, there is a high priority as well coordinated, and thats exactly what we are trying to do with Kingfisher.  Without proper coordination, the company has not reached the heights, where we are today.  Teamwork is very bad Commanding: We are the king, who was scheduled to due to the different commands to be run smoothly and our work processes.  It is responsible for as they get the job, which means that the body knows that these people. Controlling: For companies to motivate employees and their location to their needs.  They motivate employees to run the programmer.  Employees or reward your efforts, simply ask them to achieve the objectives of the mission.  To maximize the motivation of the staff and very useful discussion about incentive APPLICATION OF BEHAVIORAL VEOPOINT Application of Hawthorne studies: For companies to motivate employees, their needs for their position.  They run employee motivation programmer.  Employees to achieve the objectives of their duties or simply for your efforts rewarded well ask.  To maximize employee motivation, the motivation of employees through a very useful discussion about following procedures and staff. The company is Changing the pay rules so that the group was paid for overall group production, not individual production. Providing food during the breaks. shortening the day by 1 hour Parts time jobs available for newcomers. Application of human relation movement: The company Kingfishers approaching each employee as a source of unique knowledge with something valuable to contribute to the company. The company is taking care of employees needs to do the job in Mechatronics. Communication of expectation of employees keeping the goal in mind. Knowing their goals, their stressors, what excites them and how they each define success? By providing good training. The company takes feedback of employees. Providing Reward and recognizing employees in ways that are meaningful to them Keeping success story alive Being consistent in every work which is related with employees. Application of behavioral science approach: Job rotation: Cross training staff, teaching staff or each others work. Expand your knowledge and ability to work Expansion of jobs in Mechatronics: employees are given a wider breadth of tasks and responsibilities within our jobber close to work and increase the depth of the responsibilities of employees. Organizational Behavior: This is my understanding of organizational behavior is the way people communicate he work environment.   Through the study of organizational behavior,we can know each other better and in ways to cooperate.   Kingfisher depends on the individual services, as well as the organizations management. Therefore, it can help understand the individuals quality of work.  I found my organization Kingfisher all these things. Contribute a better translation Marketing and Consumer Behavior: Kingfisher marketing attempt to influence this process with examples of marketing when consumers evaluate a brand they are trying to get an overview of installation services allows the consumer to decide whether to think about it.  Some brands of evaluation criteria may include price, brand, flavor, functional features, style, and sometimes the way consumers feel of an enterprise of an organization of their choice. Resolving Conflicts: The case is structured so that you understand why and how the kingfisher was constantly harassed by HR problems.  We should be able to see the pilots and other workers using arm tactics to get back to IA to accept all their demands.  This case also provides insight into how his treatment IA HR issues in dreams have contributed to the overall mess that found themselves in kingfisher Training: Generally the training in Kingfisher. Happens in these terms- a) Managing Teams b) Managing Emotions c) Strategies for Peak Performance d) Managerial Wisdom e) Problems Solving Decision Making Application of Quantitative Management Application of Management Science: In the Kingfisher the management system is used by Scheduling Kingfishers, both planes and crew, Deciding the appropriate place to site new facilities such as a warehouse or factory, Managing the flow of water from reservoirs, Identifying possible future development paths for parts of the telecommunications industry, Establishing the information needs and appropriate systems to supply them within the health service, and Identifying and understanding the strategies adopted by companies for their information systems. Application of operational management: Operations management  is an area of business concerned with the production of goods and services, and involves the responsibility of ensuring that  business operations  are  efficient  in terms of using as little resource as needed, and  effective  in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs Operations management focuses on carefully managing the processes to produce and distribute products and services.   great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Therefore, operations management often includes substantial measurement and analysis of internal processes. Ultimately, the nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc Sections of This Topic Include:- Procurement (Purchasing) Practices This topic reviews guidelines for buying various materials from suppliers and vendors materials, including computers, services from lawyers, insurance, etc Management Control and Coordinating Function Management control and coordination includes a broad range of activities to ensure that organizational goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient fashion.   Product and Service Management As noted above, the major activities involved in product and service management are similar to those in operations management. However, operations management is focused on the operations of the entire organization, rather than managing a product or service. Quality Management Quality management is crucial to effective operations management, particularly continuous improvement. More recent advancements in quality, such as benchmarking and Total Quality Management, have resulted in advancements to operations management as well. Logistics and Transportation Management Logistics is focused on the flow of materials and goods from suppliers, through the organization and to the customers, with priority on efficiency and cost effectiveness Facilities Management Effective operations management depends a great deal on effective management of facilities, such as buildings, computer systems, signage, lighting, etc. Configuration Management Its important to track the various versions of products and services. Consider the various versions of software that continually are produced, each with its own version number. Tracking these versions is configuration management. Distribution Channels The means of distribution depend very much on the nature of the product or service Applications of management information system The company is implementing Management Information Systems (MIS) is the term given to the discipline focused on the integration of computer systems with the aims and objectives on an organization The development and management of information technology tools assists executives and the general workforce in performing any tasks related to the processing of information. MIS and business systems are especially useful in the collation of business data and the production of reports to be used as tools for decision making. Applications of MIS With computers being as ubiquitous as they are today, theres hardly any large business that does not rely extensively on their IT systems Strategy Support- While computers cannot create business strategies by themselves they can assist management in understanding the effects of their strategies, and help enable effective decision-making. Data Processing- Not only do MIS systems allow for the collation of vast amounts of business data, but they also provide a valuable time saving benefit to the workforce. Where in the past business information had to be manually processed for filing and analysis it can now be entered quickly and easily onto a computer by a data processor, allowing for faster decision making and quicker reflexes for the enterprise as a whole. Benefits of MIS- The field of MIS can deliver a great many benefits to enterprises in every industry. Expert organizations such as the Institute of MIS along with peer reviewed journals such as MIS Quarterly continue to find and report new ways to use MIS to achieve business object Core Competencies- Every market leading enterprise will have at least one core competency that is, a function they perform better than their competition. Enhance Supply Chain Management- Improved reporting of business processes leads inevitably to a more streamlined production process. With better information on the production process comes the ability to improve the management of the supply chain, including everything from the sourcing of materials to the manufacturing and distribution of the finished product. CONCLUSION After completing my report on Aviation Industry take the example of Kingfisher World Corporation, a leader in the provision of flight simulators I found that all companies use the four-management laws, which I have discussed only three. Kingfisher Systems, Incorporations designs and manufactures flight training devices and flight simulators.  It offers pilot training tools for ground school, distance learning and flight training, Nova, a car park management system that provides access to information such as occupancy or the status of parked vehicles Valorous, a treatment for municipal and industrial sludge generated by wastewater treatment plants.  The company serves aviation market, including commercial and general aviation.  It serves customers in North and Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Middle East and Oceania markets.  Kingfisher Inc. was founded in 1953. The company uses all managerial laws in accordance with their employees.  The company has so many different flight simulators, so many different flight training equipment solutions for all types of flights, to customer support media centers, technical center, take it in progressive way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ultimately we learned after completing this project, it is easy to manage an organization, resources, if we know all about governance. REFRENCES Airline quality of Kingfisher http://www.airlinequality.com/Forum/kingfisher.htm , last accessed on 29, March 2010 Books at red